Investigation of Alcohol-Drinking Levels in the Swiss Population: Differences in Diet and Associations with Sociodemographic, Lifestyle and Anthropometric Factors

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 14; no. 12; p. 2494
• Main Authors: Bae, Dasom, Wróbel, Anna, Kaelin, Ivo, Pestoni, Giulia, Rohrmann, Sabine, Sych, Janice
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 16.06.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: 24 h dietary recall; Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology; Alcohol use; alcohol-drinking level; Alcoholic beverages; Alcohols; Alternate Healthy Eating Index; Anthropometry; Beverages; Body mass; Body mass index; Body measurements; Body size; Diet; Drinking; Drinking behavior; Drinking of alcoholic beverages; Energy; Energy Intake; Female; Food; Food groups; Food intake; Health aspects; Humans; Investigations; Life Style; Lifestyles; macronutrient; Male; menuCH; Nutrition; Nutrition research; Nutrition surveys; Obesity; Population; Public health; Questionnaires; Social classes; Sociodemographics; Software; Subgroups; Surveys; Switzerland - epidemiology; Womens health; Switzerland; energy intake; Alternate Healthy Eating Index; macronutrient; alcohol-drinking level; 24 h dietary recall; menuCH
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu14122494

Alcohol-drinking levels in Switzerland were investigated to identify dietary differences and explore the relationship between drinking levels and sociodemographic, lifestyle and anthropometric factors using the National Nutrition Survey menuCH (n = 2057, 18−75 years). After two 24 h dietary recalls (24HDRs), participants were categorized into four subgroups: abstainers (both self-declared alcohol avoidance and no alcohol reported); no alcohol reported; moderate drinkers (women/men < 12 g/<24 g mean daily alcohol, respectively); and heavy drinkers (women/men > 12 g/>24 g mean daily alcohol, respectively). Differences in diet between these groups were described by comparing daily total energy and non-alcohol energy intake, macronutrient energy contribution, food group intake, and diet quality (Alternate Healthy Eating Index excluding alcohol). The sociodemographic, anthropometric and lifestyle factors that determine alcohol-drinking levels were investigated using multinomial logistic regression. Abstainers reported the lowest daily energy intake (total and non-alcohol), heavy drinkers had the highest total energy intake and the lowest diet quality, and moderate drinkers had the highest non-alcohol energy intake. Sex, age, language region, body mass index, household size, smoking status, self-reported health status and following a diet were significantly associated with different alcohol-drinking subgroups. Results could facilitate interventions that target subgroups who exceed safe alcohol-drinking levels and lead unfavorable lifestyles.