Assessment of salt tolerance in rice cultivars in response to salinity problems in California

• Published in: Crop science Vol. 38; no. 2; pp. 394 - 398
• Main Authors: Shannon, M.C, Rhoades, J.D, Draper, J.H, Scardaci, S.C, Spyres, M.D
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Madison, WI Crop Science Society of America 01.03.1998; American Society of Agronomy
• Subjects: ABIOTIC INJURIES; Adaptation to environment and cultivation conditions; Agriculture; Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions; AGUA SALINA; Biological and medical sciences; BIOMASA; BIOMASS; BIOMASSE; CALCIO; CALCIUM; CALIFORNIA; CALIFORNIE; CATION; CATIONES; CATIONS; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; CHLORURE DE SODIUM; CLORURO SODICO; COMPOSICION QUIMICA; COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE; CONDUCTIVIDAD ELECTRICA; CONDUCTIVITE ELECTRIQUE; CONTENIDO DE MATERIA SECA; CRECIMIENTO; CROISSANCE; Cultivars; DRY MATTER CONTENT; EAU SALINE; ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY; EMERGENCE; EMERGENCIA; FEUILLE; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; GENETIC VARIATION; Genetics and breeding of economic plants; GROWTH; GROWTH RATE; GROWTH RETARDATION; HOJAS; INDICE DE CRECIMIENTO; ION; IONES; IONS; LEAVES; LEVEE; MAGNESIO; MAGNESIUM; ORYZA SATIVA; Pesticides; PLANT POPULATION; POBLACION VEGETAL; POPULATION VEGETALE; POTASIO; POTASSIUM; RACINE; RAICES; Rice; ROOTS; SALINE WATER; SALINIDAD; SALINITE; SALINITY; Salt; SALT TOLERANCE; SINTOMAS; SODIUM CHLORIDE; Soil salinity; Soils; STEMS; SYMPTOME; SYMPTOMS; TALLO; TAUX DE CROISSANCE; TENEUR EN MATIERE SECHE; TIGE; TOLERANCE AU SEL; TOLERANCIA A LA SAL; VARIACION GENETICA; VARIATION GENETIQUE; VARIEDADES; Varietal selection. Specialized plant breeding, plant breeding aims; VARIETE; VARIETIES; California; United States; North America; America; United States > US; Oryza sativa; Monocotyledones; Sensitivity resistance; Gramineae; Angiospermae; Tolerance; Spermatophyta; Intraspecific comparison; Cereal crop; Cultivar; Salinity
• ISSN: 0011-183X; 1435-0653
• DOI: 10.2135/cropsci1998.0011183X003800020021x

Stringent requirements for water holding for California rice producers who use pesticides have resulted in the loss of stand and visible symptoms of leaf damage for some growers. A field survey and subsequent series or experiments were conducted to determine the range or salt tolerance among 11 cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.) that are common to northern California rice-growing areas. A field assessment made on several farms led to the conclusion that growth reduction and stand loss were correlated with high salinity in soil mud and water. Plants from saline basins had significantly higher concentrations of leaf Na+ and Cl- than those from less saline basins. Greenhouse studies were conducted in sand cultures and flooded with saline waters having average electrical conductivities of approximately 1 (control), 3, 7, 11, 13, and 16 dS m-1. Salinity decreased emergence rates and final stand and led to reductions in shoot and root fresh and dry weights. At the highest salinity, shoot weights were 20% of the control after 17 d. Leaf tissues of plants grown at 16 dS m-1 had five times as much Na+ and three times as much Cl- as controls. Leaf concentration of K+ was decreased by about 40% by salinity, but tissue levels of Ca2+ and Mg2+ were unaffected. In a second experiment, salinity treatments were lowered to 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6, 8, and 10 dS m-1. There were significant differences in growth rates related to cultivar, but relative salt tolerance differences were negligible, leading to the conclusion that genetic differences among the rice cultivars are limited