Effect of positive pressure on venous return in volume-loaded cardiac surgical patients
1 Department of Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; and 2 Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 The hemodynamic effects of increases in airway pressure (Paw) are related in pa...
Saved in:
Published in | Journal of applied physiology (1985) Vol. 92; no. 3; pp. 1223 - 1231 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Bethesda, MD
Am Physiological Soc
01.03.2002
American Physiological Society |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
Summary: | 1 Department of Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical
Centre, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; and
2 Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
The hemodynamic effects of increases
in airway pressure (Paw) are related in part to Paw-induced increases
in right atrial pressure (Pra), the downstream pressure for venous
return, thus decreasing the pressure gradient for venous return.
However, numerous animal and clinical studies have shown that venous
return is often sustained during ventilation with positive
end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Potentially, PEEP-induced diaphragmatic
descent increases abdominal pressure (Pabd). We hypothesized that an
increase in Paw induced by PEEP would minimally alter venous return
because the associated increase in Pra would be partially offset by a concomitant increase in Pabd. Thus we studied the acute effects of
graded increases of Paw on Pra, Pabd, and cardiac output by application
of inspiratory-hold maneuvers in sedated and paralyzed humans.
Forty-two patients were studied in the intensive care unit after
coronary artery bypass surgery during hemodynamically stable,
fluid-resuscitated conditions. Paw was progressively increased in steps
of 2 to 4 cmH 2 O from 0 to 20 cmH 2 O in
sequential 25-s inspiratory-hold maneuvers. Right ventricular (RV)
cardiac output (CO td ) and RV ejection fraction
(EF rv ) were measured at 5 s into the inspiratory-hold
maneuver by the thermodilution technique. RV end-diastolic volume and
stroke volume were calculated from EF rv and heart rate
data, and Pra was measured from the pulmonary artery catheter. Pabd was
estimated as bladder pressure. We found that, although increasing Paw
progressively increased Pra, neither CO td nor RV
end-diastolic volume changed. The ratio of change ( ) in Paw to
Pra was 0.32 ± 0.20. The ratio of Pra to
CO td was 0.05 ± 00.15 l · min 1 · mmHg 1 . However,
Pabd increased such that the ratio of Pra to Pabd was 0.73 ± 0.36, meaning that most of the increase in Pra was reflected in
increases in Pabd. We conclude that, in hemodynamically stable
fluid-resuscitated postoperative surgical patients, inspiratory-hold maneuvers with increases in Paw of up to 20 cmH 2 O have
minimal effects on cardiac output, primarily because of an
in-phase-associated pressurization of the abdominal compartment
associated with compression of the liver and squeezing of the lungs.
abdominal pressure; heart-lung interaction; hemodynamic monitoring; human study; mechanical ventilation; preload |
---|---|
Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
ISSN: | 8750-7587 1522-1601 |
DOI: | 10.1152/japplphysiol.00487.2001 |