Epidemic Alphaviruses: Ecology, Emergence and Outbreaks

Over the past century, the emergence/reemergence of arthropod-borne zoonotic agents has been a growing public health concern. In particular, agents from the genus Alphavirus pose a significant risk to both animal and human health. Human alphaviral disease presents with either arthritogenic or enceph...

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Published inMicroorganisms (Basel) Vol. 8; no. 8; p. 1167
Main Authors Azar, Sasha R., Campos, Rafael K., Bergren, Nicholas A., Camargos, Vidyleison N., Rossi, Shannan L.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.08.2020
MDPI
Subjects
Alphavirus
Anorexia
Causes of
Ecological effects
Encephalitis
Environmental aspects
enzootic
Epidemics
Epidemiology
epizootic
Fatalities
Fever
Forecasts and trends
Genomes
Glycoproteins
Health aspects
Infections
Laboratories
Morbidity
mosquitoes
Outbreaks
Peptides
Proteins
Public health
Review
RNA polymerase
RNA viruses
togaviridae
United States
Vaccines
Viral infections
Viruses
Zoonoses
United States
Everglades
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Summary:Over the past century, the emergence/reemergence of arthropod-borne zoonotic agents has been a growing public health concern. In particular, agents from the genus Alphavirus pose a significant risk to both animal and human health. Human alphaviral disease presents with either arthritogenic or encephalitic manifestations and is associated with significant morbidity and/or mortality. Unfortunately, there are presently no vaccines or antiviral measures approved for human use. The present review examines the ecology, epidemiology, disease, past outbreaks, and potential to cause contemporary outbreaks for several alphavirus pathogens.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-1
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These authors contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:2076-2607
2076-2607
DOI:10.3390/microorganisms8081167