Differential effects of polyphenols and alcohol of red wine on the expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines related to atherosclerosis: a randomized clinical trial

• Published in: The American journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 95; no. 2; pp. 326 - 334
• Main Authors: Chiva-Blanch, Gemma, Urpi-Sarda, Mireia, Llorach, Rafael, Rotches-Ribalta, Maria, Guillén, Marisa, Casas, Rosa, Arranz, Sara, Valderas-Martinez, Palmira, Portoles, Olga, Corella, Dolores, Tinahones, Francisco, Lamuela-Raventos, Rosa M, Andres-Lacueva, Cristina, Estruch, Ramon
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bethesda, MD Elsevier Inc 01.02.2012; American Society for Nutrition; American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc
• Subjects: adhesion; Aged; analysis; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology; Atherosclerosis; Atherosclerosis - blood; Atherosclerosis - prevention & control; Biological and medical sciences; biomarkers; blood; CD40 Antigens; CD40 Antigens - blood; cell adhesion; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Cell Adhesion Molecules - blood; Chemokine CCL2; Chemokine CCL2 - blood; Clinical trials; Cross-Over Studies; Cytokines; Cytokines - blood; Down-Regulation; drug effects; ethanol; Ethanol - pharmacology; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Humans; Interleukin-16; Interleukin-16 - blood; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-6 - blood; Lewis X Antigen; Lewis X Antigen - blood; lymphocyte antigens; Macrophages; Macrophages - drug effects; Male; Middle Aged; monocytes; Monocytes - drug effects; patients; pharmacology; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Polyphenols; Polyphenols - pharmacology; prevention & control; randomized clinical trials; receptors; Receptors, CCR2; Receptors, CCR2 - blood; red wines; risk; Risk factors; Sialyl Lewis X Antigen; T-lymphocytes; T-Lymphocytes - drug effects; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; Vitaceae; volunteers; Wine; Wine - analysis; Wines; CD40L; CRP; LFA-1; RW; CAD; DRW; ICAM-1; SLex; CD40a; MDC; PBMC; VLA-4; VCAM-1; MIP-1α; Mac-1; MCP; CCR2; Vascular disease; Human; Polyphenol; Atherosclerosis; Cytokine; Cardiovascular disease; Alcohol; Clinical trial; Inflammation; Gene expression; Red wine; Adhesion
• ISSN: 0002-9165; 1938-3207; 1938-3207
• DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.022889

Background: Few clinical studies have focused on the alcohol-independent cardiovascular effects of the phenolic compounds of red wine (RW). Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effects of ethanol and phenolic compounds of RW on the expression of inflammatory biomarkers related to atherosclerosis in subjects at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Design: Sixty-seven high-risk, male volunteers were included in a randomized, crossover consumption trial. After a washout period, all subjects received RW (30 g alcohol/d), the equivalent amount of dealcoholized red wine (DRW), or gin (30 g alcohol/d) for 4 wk. Before and after each intervention period, 7 cellular and 18 serum inflammatory biomarkers were evaluated. Results: Alcohol increased IL-10 and decreased macrophage-derived chemokine concentrations, whereas the phenolic compounds of RW decreased serum concentrations of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin, and IL-6 and inhibited the expression of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 in T lymphocytes and macrophage-1 receptor, Sialil-Lewis X, and C-C chemokine receptor type 2 expression in monocytes. Both ethanol and phenolic compounds of RW downregulated serum concentrations of CD40 antigen, CD40 ligand, IL-16, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Conclusion: The results suggest that the phenolic content of RW may modulate leukocyte adhesion molecules, whereas both ethanol and polyphenols of RW may modulate soluble inflammatory mediators in high-risk patients. The trial was registered in the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Register at http://www.isrctn.org/ as ISRCTN88720134.