Synthesis and characterization of dialkanolamides from castor oil (Ricinus communis) as nonionic surfactant

• Published in: IOP conference series. Earth and environmental science Vol. 101; no. 1; pp. 12037 - 12042
• Main Authors: Anwar, M, Wahyuningsih, T D
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bristol IOP Publishing 01.12.2017
• Subjects: Acids; Castor oil; Dicarboxylic acids; Ethanol; Ethanolamine; Lipophilic; Micelles; Oil; Oxidation; Pollutants; Potassium; Potassium permanganate; Recrystallization; Ricinoleic acid; Surface tension; Surfactants; Turbidity
• ISSN: 1755-1307; 1755-1315
• DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/101/1/012037

Nonionic surfactant of dialkanolamide derivates was synthesized and characterized from castor oil (Ricinus comunnis). Ricinoleic acid was isolated from castor oil by hydrolysis in alkaline (KOH) condition at 65 °C. Oxidation of ricinoleic acid by dilute potassium permanganate (KMnO4) in alkaline condition at 75-90 °C gave dicarboxylic acid which was then reacted with ethanolamine at 140-160 °C for 6 hours. The product was recrystallized with isopropanol, and the structure elucidation was performed by FTIR, 1HNMR spectrometer, and GC-MS with silylation method. Characterization of surfactants was carried out by surface tension measurement (capillary rise method), Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) based on turbidity method and calculation of Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) value with Griffin method and Bancroft rule. The result showed that ricinoleic acid in castor oil is 86.19 % and it is oxidation give an azelaic acid and octanedioic acid in 53.25 %. Amidation of a dicarboxylic acid and ethanolamine at 140-160 °C for 6 hours yielded of N1,N9-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)nona diamide in 49.35 %. Surfactant characterization indicates that dialkanolamide derivates can be used as a surfactant due to its ability to reduce the surface tension of ethanol with CMC at 1.2 g/L, HLB value is 5.58 and can be used as emulsifier water in oil (W/O).