Nanoneuromedicines for degenerative, inflammatory, and infectious nervous system diseases

• Published in: Nanomedicine Vol. 11; no. 3; pp. 751 - 767
• Main Authors: Gendelman, Howard E, Anantharam, Vellareddy, PhD, Bronich, Tatiana, Ghaisas, Shivani, Jin, Huajun, PhD, Kanthasamy, Anumantha G., PhD, Liu, Xinming, McMillan, JoEllyn, Mosley, R. Lee, Narasimhan, Balaji, PhD, Mallapragada, Surya K., PhD
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.04.2015
• Subjects: Animals; Central Nervous System Diseases - therapy; Diagnostics; Drug development; Humans; Internal Medicine; Nanomedicine - methods; Nanoneuromedicine; Nanotechnology; Neurodegenerative disorders; RES; BBB; poly( n-butyl cyanoacrylate); solid lipid nanoparticles; ALS; STL; Drug development; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Aβ; blood–brain barrier; experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; QD; NRTI; chronic traumatic encephalopathies; polyethylene glycol; AD; MP; Alzheimer’s disease; MS; cerebral spinal fluid; EAE; mononuclear phagocyte; NGF; MPIO; amyloid beta; PAMAM; central nervous system; regulatory T cells; VCAM; superparamagnetic iron oxide; apolipoprotein E; ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide; magnetic resonance imaging; ART; nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; Diagnostics; MRI; antiretroviral therapy; Solanum tuberosum lectin; CNS; very-small superparamagnetic iron oxide; USPIO; amyloid-β-derived diffusible ligand; vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; Nanoneuromedicine; nerve growth factor; CSF; SLNs; ApoE; myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; MOG; microparticles of iron oxide; SPIO; multiple sclerosis; Tregs; reticuloendothelial system; Neurodegenerative disorders; polyamidoamine; NAC; quantum dots; PEG; PD; ADDL; CTE; PBCA; N-acetyl cysteine; VSPIO; positron emission tomography; Parkinson’s disease; PET; Nanotechnology
• ISSN: 1549-9634; 1549-9642
• DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.12.014

Abstract Interest in nanoneuromedicine has grown rapidly due to the immediate need for improved biomarkers and therapies for psychiatric, developmental, traumatic, inflammatory, infectious and degenerative nervous system disorders. These, in whole or in part, are a significant societal burden due to growth in numbers of affected people and in disease severity. Lost productivity of the patient and his or her caregiver, and the emotional and financial burden cannot be overstated. The need for improved health care, treatment and diagnostics is immediate. A means to such an end is nanotechnology. Indeed, recent developments of health-care enabling nanotechnologies and nanomedicines range from biomarker discovery including neuroimaging to therapeutic applications for degenerative, inflammatory and infectious disorders of the nervous system. This review focuses on the current and future potential of the field to positively affect clinical outcomes. From the Clinical Editor Many nervous system disorders remain unresolved clinical problems. In many cases, drug agents simply cannot cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) into the nervous system. The advent of nanomedicines can enhance the delivery of biologically active molecules for targeted therapy and imaging. This review focused on the use of nanotechnology for degenerative, inflammatory, and infectious diseases in the nervous system.