Self-construal and behavioral motivation systems among patients with depression in Indonesia: A hospital-based study

• Published in: Heliyon Vol. 8; no. 7; p. e09839
• Main Authors: Istiqlal, Triana, Mumang, Andi Agus, Liaury, Kristian, Uchida, Yukiko, Kihara, Masahiro, Tanra, Andi Jayalangkara, Ishida, Takafumi, Shimizu-Furusawa, Hana, Yusuf, Irawan, Furusawa, Takuro
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.07.2022; Elsevier
• Subjects: BIS/BAS; Depression; Mental health; Self-construal; Self-construal; Depression; BIS/BAS; Mental health
• ISSN: 2405-8440; 2405-8440
• DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09839

To validate Indonesian versions of two social/cultural psychological scales: the Self-Construal Scale (SCS) that measures independent and interdependent cultural values, and the Behavioral Inhibition (Avoidance) System and Behavioral Approach System (BIS/BAS) that measures motivation focus. We also explored the cultural background for the rising prevalence of depression in Indonesia. Case (hospital)–control (population) study. Hasanuddin University Hospital (cases) and Makassar city region (controls), Indonesia. Participants (N = 369) were 165 patients with depression recruited from a university hospital, and 204 healthy controls without a history of mental disorders recruited from locations within a 30-minute walk from the hospital. Depression was diagnosed by psychiatrists with reference to Indonesian mental disorder guidelines (Pedoman Penggolongan dan Diagnosa Gangguan Jiwa edisi 3). Participants’ independent and interdependent cultural values, and neural motivational systems were measured with the SCS and BIS/BAS. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that our revised 12-item SCS and the 13-item, three-factor BIS/BAS had a good model fit for the Indonesian population. MANCOVA showed that the SCS Independent subscale and the BAS subscales were significantly associated with depression after adjustment for age, sex, religion, education, and occupation. These findings may guide provision of appropriate treatment for patients based on their social and cultural environment. In addition, this study contributes to understanding underlying reasons for the increasing prevalence of depression in Indonesia, where society is changing from traditional collectivism to global individualism. •This was the first study to validate and revised the SCS and BIS/BAS in an Indonesian population.•This study was the first to explore the link between self-construal, neural motivational systems and depression in Indonesia.•This study did not draw causal relations between predictors and the outcome because of its cross-sectional nature.•We used occupation to measure socioeconomic status rather than income to see its linkage with depression and self-construal.•We did not measure effects of ethnicity, although Indonesia has various ethnic groups with different societies and cultures. Depression; Mental Health; Self-construal; BIS/BAS.