Gas emissions from liquid dairy manure: complete versus partial storage emptying

• Published in: Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems Vol. 99; no. 1-3; pp. 95 - 105
• Main Authors: Wood, J. D, VanderZaag, A. C, Wagner-Riddle, C, Smith, E. L, Gordon, R. J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer-Verlag 2014; Springer Netherlands; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Agriculture; Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions; Ammonia; Animal productions; Animal wastes; Biological and medical sciences; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Carbon dioxide; dairy manure; Emissions; Emptying; Equilibrium flow; Fluxes; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; gas emissions; General agroecology; General agroecology. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development. Rural area planning. Landscaping; General agronomy. Plant production; Generalities. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development; Greenhouse effect; Greenhouse gases; Inoculum; Land application; Life Sciences; manure storage; Manures; Methane; Mitigation; Nitrous oxide; Odors; Original Article; Slurries; Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility. Fertilization. Amendments; Storage; Storage tanks; tanks; Terrestrial animal productions; Use of agricultural and forest wastes. Biomass use, bioconversion; Vertebrates; warm season; Methane; Ammonia; Nitrous oxide; Cold climate; Slurry; Inoculum; Farming animal; Gas emission; Dairy cattle; Animal slurry; Emptying; Biogeochemical cycle; Agroecosystem; Vertebrata; Mammalia; Storage; Artiodactyla; Nitrogen protoxide; Ungulata
• ISSN: 1385-1314; 1573-0867
• DOI: 10.1007/s10705-014-9620-2

When manure slurry is removed from storages for land application, there is often ‘aged’ manure that remains because the storages are not completely emptied. Aged manure may act as an inoculum and alter subsequent methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O) and ammonia (NH₃) emissions when fresh manure is added to the system, compared to an empty storage that is filled with fresh manure. Completely emptying manure storages may be a practice to decrease gas emissions, however, little pilot-scale research has been conducted to directly quantify the inoculum effect. Therefore, we compared CH₄, N₂O, and NH₃ emissions from three pilot-scale slurry tanks (~10.5 m³ each) filled with a mixture of fresh manure and an inoculum of previously stored manure (i.e., partial emptying) to three tanks that contained only fresh manure (i.e., complete emptying). Gas fluxes were continuously measured over 155 d of warm season storage using flow-through steady-state chambers. The absence of an inoculum significantly reduced CH₄ emissions by 56 % compared to partially emptied (inoculated) tanks, while there was no difference in N₂O emissions. There was a significant 49 % reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions because the overall budget (as CO₂-eq) was dominated by CH₄. Complete manure storage emptying could be an effective GHG mitigation strategy; however, NH₃ emissions were significantly higher from un-inoculated tanks due to slower crust formation. Therefore additional NH₃ abatement should be considered.