HMGB1, angel or devil, in ischemic stroke

• Published in: Brain and behavior Vol. 13; no. 5; pp. e2987 - n/a
• Main Authors: Gao, Bin, Wang, Shuwen, Li, Jiangfeng, Han, Nannan, Ge, Hanming, Zhang, Gejuan, Chang, Mingze
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.05.2023; John Wiley and Sons Inc; Wiley
• Subjects: Amino acids; Atherosclerosis; Binding sites; Brain Injuries - complications; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Infarction; Cytoplasm; DNA methylation; HMGB1; HMGB1 Protein; Humans; immune tissue repair; Inflammation; Ischemia; ischemic stroke; Ischemic Stroke - complications; Kinases; pathological mechanism; Peptides; Phosphorylation; Proteins; Review; Reviews; Stroke; Stroke - complications; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; atherosclerosis; immune tissue repair; HMGB1; ischemic stroke; pathological mechanism
• ISSN: 2162-3279; 2162-3279
• DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2987

Introduction High‐mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is extensively involved in causing ischemic stroke, pathological damage of ischemic brain injury, and neural tissue repair after ischemic brain injury. However, the precise role of HMGB1 in ischemic stroke remains to be elucidated. Methods Comprehensive literature search and narrative review to summarize the current field of HMGB1 in cerebral ischemic based on the basic structure, structural modification, and functional roles of HMGB1 described in the literature. Results Studies have exhibited the crucial roles of HMGB1 in cell death, immunity and inflammation, thrombosis, and remodeling and repair. HMGB1 released after cerebral infarction is extensively involved in the pathological injury process in the early stage of cerebral infarction, whereas it is involved in the promotion of brain tissue repair and remodeling in the late stage of cerebral infarction. HMGB1 plays a neurotrophic role in acute white matter stroke, whereas it causes sustained activation of inflammation and plays a damaging role in chronic white matter ischemia. Conclusions HMGB1 plays a complex role in cerebral infarction, which is related to not only the modification of HMGB1 and bound receptors but also different stages and subtypes of cerebral infarction. future studies on HMGB1 should investigate the spatial and temporal dynamics of HMGB1 after cerebral infarction. Moreover, future studies on HMGB1 should attempt to integrate different stages and infarct subtypes of cerebral infarction. The topic combines one of the most death‐causing pathological condition with the reference DAMP protein, HMGB1, that has crucial roles in the pathophysiology of many inflammation‐related diseases. In this reviews,we explained its effect on different subtypes of cerebral infarction and its key mechanism based on the Spatiotemporal dynamics and Modifications of HMGB1 after cerebral infarction.