The role of dietary fatty acids in the pathology of metabolic syndrome

• Published in: The Journal of nutritional biochemistry Vol. 23; no. 9; pp. 1027 - 1040
• Main Authors: Lottenberg, Ana Maria, Afonso, Milessa da Silva, Lavrador, Maria Silvia Ferrari, Machado, Roberta Marcondes, Nakandakare, Edna Regina
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Elsevier Inc 01.09.2012; Elsevier
• Subjects: adipocytes; Adipocytes - immunology; Adipocytes - metabolism; adipose tissue; Adipose tissue metabolism; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; blood lipids; Dietary Fats - adverse effects; Dietary fatty acids; Esterification; fatty acids; Fatty Acids - adverse effects; Fatty Acids - blood; Fatty Acids - metabolism; Fatty Acids - therapeutic use; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - blood; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - metabolism; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - therapeutic use; Fatty Acids, Omega-6 - adverse effects; Fatty Acids, Omega-6 - blood; Fatty Acids, Omega-6 - metabolism; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - adverse effects; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - blood; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - metabolism; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - therapeutic use; Fatty Liver - etiology; Fatty Liver - immunology; Fatty Liver - metabolism; Fatty Liver - prevention & control; Feeding. Feeding behavior; food intake; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gene Expression Regulation; genes; hepatocytes; Hepatocytes - immunology; Hepatocytes - metabolism; high carbohydrate diet; Humans; hyperlipidemia; hypertension; Inflammation; insulin resistance; Lipid metabolism; Lipids - blood; Lipogenesis; Lipolysis; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolic Syndrome - etiology; Metabolic Syndrome - immunology; Metabolic Syndrome - metabolism; Metabolic Syndrome - prevention & control; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; nutrigenomics; obesity; pathophysiology; risk; Steatosis; Trans Fatty Acids - adverse effects; Trans Fatty Acids - blood; Trans Fatty Acids - metabolism; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; Inflammation; Lipid metabolism; Metabolic syndrome; Dietary fatty acids; Steatosis; Adipose tissue metabolism; Endocrinopathy; Adipose tissue; Metabolic diseases; Cardiovascular disease; Lipids; Metabolism; Fatty acids; Vertebrata; Mammalia
• ISSN: 0955-2863; 1873-4847
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.03.004

Dysfunctional lipid metabolism is a key component in the development of metabolic syndrome, a very frequent condition characterized by dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, abdominal obesity and hypertension, which are related to an elevated risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is strongly associated with the severity of obesity; its physiopathology is related to both genetics and food intake habits, especially the consumption of a high-caloric, high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet. With the progress of scientific knowledge in the field of nutrigenomics, it was possible to elucidate how the majority of dietary fatty acids influence plasma lipid metabolism and also the genes expression involved in lipolysis and lipogenesis within hepatocytes and adipocytes. The aim of this review is to examine the relevant mechanistic aspects of dietary fatty acids related to blood lipids, adipose tissue metabolism, hepatic fat storage and inflammatory process, all of them closely related to the genesis of metabolic syndrome.