Effect of oral immunization with pooled antigens derived from adipose tissue on atherosclerosis and obesity indices

• Published in: Vaccine Vol. 28; no. 15; pp. 2763 - 2768
• Main Authors: Bourinbaiar, Aldar S, Jirathitikal, Vichai
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 24.03.2010; Elsevier; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Adipocyte; Adipose tissue; Adipose Tissue - immunology; Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Allergy and Immunology; Animal models; Animals; Antigens - administration & dosage; Antigens - adverse effects; Applied microbiology; Atherogenesis; Atherosclerosis; Atherosclerosis - immunology; Atherosclerosis - prevention & control; Biological and medical sciences; Blood Physiological Phenomena; Blood pressure; Blood Pressure - physiology; Body fat; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; Cholesterol; Cholesterol - blood; Diabetes; Erythrocytes; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; HDL; Human Experimentation; Humans; Immune tolerance; Immunization; Immunization - methods; Immunotherapy; Kidney - physiology; LDL; Lipoproteins, HDL - blood; Lipoproteins, LDL - blood; Liver - physiology; Male; Medical research; Metabolic disorders; Microbiology; Middle Aged; Obesity; Obesity - immunology; Obesity - prevention & control; Overweight; Risk factors; Studies; Therapeutic vaccine; Triglycerides; Triglycerides - blood; Vaccines; Vaccines - administration & dosage; Vaccines - adverse effects; Vaccines, antisera, therapeutical immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies (general aspects); Young Adult; CETP; Adipocyte; Atherogenesis; CBC; cholesteryl ester transfer protein; alanine aminotransferase; ALT; heat-shock protein; blood urea nitrogen; WC; Overweight; HDL; tumor necrosis factor alpha; LDL; Therapeutic vaccine; Immunotherapy; Atherosclerosis; BUN; angiopoietin-2 receptor; BMI; cardiovascular disease; complete blood cell; Obesity; AST; high density lipoproteins; HSP; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2; TIE2; waist circumference; body mass index; CI; VEGF; Triglycerides; Cholesterol; aspartate aminotransferase; CVD; TNF-α; Immune tolerance; low density lipoproteins; confidence interval; coronary heart disease; Diabetes; CHD; Endocrinopathy; Adipose tissue; Lipids; Cardiovascular disease; Vascular disease; Lipoprotein LDL; Lipoprotein HDL; Nutritional status; Immunization; Diabetes mellitus; Nutrition disorder; Vaccine; Triglyceride; Antigen
• ISSN: 0264-410X; 1873-2518
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.01.032

Abstract Modulation of the inflammatory response through vaccination has shown promise in animal models of atherogenesis and obesity—main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Tableted preparation, V-6, containing pooled antigens derived from pig adipose tissue was administered per os daily to 13 volunteers for 3 months. Total cholesterol and LDL levels have not changed from the baseline value; 193.4 vs 191.8 ( p = 0.75) and 113.8 vs 117.2 ( p = 0.18), respectively. Triglyceride levels declined by 26.1% from 163 to 120.5 mg/dL ( p = 0.29). HDL increased by 25.9% from 38.6 to 48.5 mg/dL ( p = 0.000002) in 12 out 13 patients. Despite negligible effect of V6 on weight and body mass index, i.e., 67.87 vs 66.58 kg (−1.9%; p = 0.46) and 26.25 vs 25.75 kg/m2 (−1.9%; p = 0.35), statistically significant reduction in waist (−7.6%; p = 0.002), mid-arm (−3.3%; p = 0.049), and thigh (−7.6%; p = 0.0003) circumferences were observed. Blood pressure systolic and diastolic values were not affected, i.e., 115.6 vs 121 ( p = 0.2) and 77.1 vs 83 ( p = 0.55). No changes were observed in liver ALT and AST enzymes. Creatinine decreased; 0.877 vs 0.842 mg/dL ( p = 0.02), while BUN has shown slight increase; 14.8 vs 16.1 mg/dL ( p = 0.03) but within normal range. Fasting blood sugar levels were also within normal range, i.e., 94.8 vs 98.8 ( p = 0.04). Complete blood cell analysis has not revealed any change except slight decrease in hemoglobin 13.25–13.19 g/dL ( p = 0.0004), but its amount per red blood cell (MCH) increased from 25.62 up to 26.42 picograms/cell ( p = 0.000003). The average red blood cell size (MCV) increased from 78.5 to 80.0 fl ( p = 0.00009) but hemoglobin concentration relative to size of the cell (MCHC) has not changed ( p = 0.2). Hematocrit and red blood cells count decreased slightly, but within normal range 40.7–40.2% ( p = 0.02) and 5.22–5.05 × 106 cells/mm3 ( p = 0.002). The number of platelets moved upward, 2.471 vs 2.921 × 105 per mm3 ( p = 0.009). The white blood cells count and percent of leukocytes and neutrophils were not affected. Pro-inflammatory eosinophils declined from 4.0% down to 2.4% ( p = 0.29). These results show that V6 is safe and holds a promise as an anti-atherogenic and overweight/obesity immune intervention.