Transcranial DC stimulation (tDCS): A tool for double-blind sham-controlled clinical studies in brain stimulation
Brain polarization in the form of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), which influences motor function and learning processes, has been proposed as an adjuvant strategy to enhance training effects in Neurorehabilitation. Proper testing in Neurorehabilitation requires double-blind sham-con...
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| Published in | Clinical neurophysiology Vol. 117; no. 4; pp. 845 - 850 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Shannon
Elsevier Ireland Ltd
01.04.2006
Elsevier Science |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1388-2457 1872-8952 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.clinph.2005.12.003 |
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| Abstract | Brain polarization in the form of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), which influences motor function and learning processes, has been proposed as an adjuvant strategy to enhance training effects in Neurorehabilitation. Proper testing in Neurorehabilitation requires double-blind sham-controlled study designs. Here, we evaluated the effects of tDCS and sham stimulation (SHAM) on healthy subjects and stroke patients' self-report measures of attention, fatigue, duration of elicited sensations and discomfort.
tDCS or SHAM was in all cases applied over the motor cortex. Attention, fatigue, and discomfort were self rated by study participants using visual analog scales. Duration of perceived sensations and the ability to distinguish tDCS from Sham sessions were determined. Investigators questioning the patients were blind to the intervention type.
tDCS and SHAM elicited comparably minimal discomfort and duration of sensations in the absence of differences in attention or fatigue, and could not be distinguished from SHAM by study participants nor investigators.
Successful blinding of subjects and investigators and ease of application simultaneously with training protocols supports the feasibility of using tDCS in double-blind, sham-controlled randomized trials in clinical Neurorehabilitation.
tDCS could evolve into a useful tool, in addition to TMS, to modulate cortical activity in Neurorehabilitation. |
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| AbstractList | Brain polarization in the form of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), which influences motor function and learning processes, has been proposed as an adjuvant strategy to enhance training effects in Neurorehabilitation. Proper testing in Neurorehabilitation requires double-blind sham-controlled study designs. Here, we evaluated the effects of tDCS and sham stimulation (SHAM) on healthy subjects and stroke patients' self-report measures of attention, fatigue, duration of elicited sensations and discomfort.
tDCS or SHAM was in all cases applied over the motor cortex. Attention, fatigue, and discomfort were self rated by study participants using visual analog scales. Duration of perceived sensations and the ability to distinguish tDCS from Sham sessions were determined. Investigators questioning the patients were blind to the intervention type.
tDCS and SHAM elicited comparably minimal discomfort and duration of sensations in the absence of differences in attention or fatigue, and could not be distinguished from SHAM by study participants nor investigators.
Successful blinding of subjects and investigators and ease of application simultaneously with training protocols supports the feasibility of using tDCS in double-blind, sham-controlled randomized trials in clinical Neurorehabilitation.
tDCS could evolve into a useful tool, in addition to TMS, to modulate cortical activity in Neurorehabilitation. Brain polarization in the form of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), which influences motor function and learning processes, has been proposed as an adjuvant strategy to enhance training effects in Neurorehabilitation. Proper testing in Neurorehabilitation requires double-blind sham-controlled study designs. Here, we evaluated the effects of tDCS and sham stimulation (SHAM) on healthy subjects and stroke patients' self-report measures of attention, fatigue, duration of elicited sensations and discomfort.OBJECTIVEBrain polarization in the form of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), which influences motor function and learning processes, has been proposed as an adjuvant strategy to enhance training effects in Neurorehabilitation. Proper testing in Neurorehabilitation requires double-blind sham-controlled study designs. Here, we evaluated the effects of tDCS and sham stimulation (SHAM) on healthy subjects and stroke patients' self-report measures of attention, fatigue, duration of elicited sensations and discomfort.tDCS or SHAM was in all cases applied over the motor cortex. Attention, fatigue, and discomfort were self rated by study participants using visual analog scales. Duration of perceived sensations and the ability to distinguish tDCS from Sham sessions were determined. Investigators questioning the patients were blind to the intervention type.METHODStDCS or SHAM was in all cases applied over the motor cortex. Attention, fatigue, and discomfort were self rated by study participants using visual analog scales. Duration of perceived sensations and the ability to distinguish tDCS from Sham sessions were determined. Investigators questioning the patients were blind to the intervention type.tDCS and SHAM elicited comparably minimal discomfort and duration of sensations in the absence of differences in attention or fatigue, and could not be distinguished from SHAM by study participants nor investigators.RESULTStDCS and SHAM elicited comparably minimal discomfort and duration of sensations in the absence of differences in attention or fatigue, and could not be distinguished from SHAM by study participants nor investigators.Successful blinding of subjects and investigators and ease of application simultaneously with training protocols supports the feasibility of using tDCS in double-blind, sham-controlled randomized trials in clinical Neurorehabilitation.CONCLUSIONSSuccessful blinding of subjects and investigators and ease of application simultaneously with training protocols supports the feasibility of using tDCS in double-blind, sham-controlled randomized trials in clinical Neurorehabilitation.tDCS could evolve into a useful tool, in addition to TMS, to modulate cortical activity in Neurorehabilitation.SIGNIFICANCEtDCS could evolve into a useful tool, in addition to TMS, to modulate cortical activity in Neurorehabilitation. |
| Author | Hummel, Friedhelm C. Gandiga, Prateek C. Cohen, Leonardo G. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Prateek C. surname: Gandiga fullname: Gandiga, Prateek C. organization: Human Cortical Physiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Friedhelm C. surname: Hummel fullname: Hummel, Friedhelm C. email: friedhelm.hummel@uni-tuebingen.de organization: Human Cortical Physiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Leonardo G. surname: Cohen fullname: Cohen, Leonardo G. organization: Human Cortical Physiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA |
| BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17640926$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16427357$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | CSP Stroke tDCS Sham stimulation MMSE DC stimulation Double-blinding VAS Neurorehabilitation rTMS HV Motor pathway Central nervous system Cardiovascular disease Motor learning Vascular disease Electrodiagnosis Acquisition process Direct current Motor cortex Clinical trial Motricity Cerebrovascular disease Ability Human Sensation Nervous system diseases Attention Fatigue Cerebral disorder Central nervous system disease Strategy Feasibility |
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| Title | Transcranial DC stimulation (tDCS): A tool for double-blind sham-controlled clinical studies in brain stimulation |
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