Disruption of microbial cell morphology by Buxus macowanii

• Published in: BMC complementary and alternative medicine Vol. 20; no. 1; p. 266
• Main Authors: Ngobeni, B, Mashele, S S, Malebo, N J, van der Watt, E, Manduna, I T
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 31.08.2020; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Anti-Infective Agents - chemistry; Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology; Antibiotics; Antiinfectives and antibacterials; Antimicrobial activity; Antimicrobial agents; Bacillus cereus - drug effects; Biological products; Buxus; Buxus macowanii; Cell culture; Cell death; Cell division; Cell morphology; Cell walls; Comparative analysis; Cytology; Cytotoxicity; Developing countries; Drug development; E coli; Evaluation; Health aspects; Health care costs; Herbal medicine; Humans; Infection; Infectious diseases; LDCs; Medicinal plants; Medicine; Microorganisms; Microscopy; Morphology; Museums; Neophytadiene; Plant extracts; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Primary health care; Properties (attributes); Side effects; South Africa; Transmission electron microscopy; South Africa; Buxus macowanii; Antimicrobial activity; Neophytadiene
• ISSN: 2662-7671; 2662-7671; 1472-6882
• DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03049-5

Microbial infections are one of the major causes of death globally. This is attributed to the rising costs of primary healthcare and its inaccessibility especially in developing countries. Moreover, there has been an increase in microbial strains that have reduced susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs. Research on the antimicrobial properties of medicinal plants, which could address these problems, has become more important as they present fewer side effects when compared to the antibiotics currently in use. This study evaluated the antimicrobial properties of a methanolic extract from Buxus macowanii in order to assess its potential in the development of novel antimicrobial drugs. Antimicrobial activity of the extract was evaluated using the broth microdilution method. The effects of B. macowanii on the morphology of B. cereus were observed using Scanning and Transmission electron microscopy. Chemical profiling of the plant extract was performed using the GCMS. The extract showed antimicrobial activity against all the microbial species used. Microscopic examination of the cells of B. cereus cells treated with Buxus macowanii showed some changes in morphology such as damage of the cell wall, swelling of the cells and incomplete cell division that eventually resulted in cell death. Neophytadiene, an antimicrobial compound was detected in the extract using GCMS. The morphological disruptions of the cell wall of Bacillus cereus explain the antimicrobial properties of B. macowanii and indicate its possible application in the development of natural antimicrobial drugs.