Epithelial barrier dysfunction in ocular allergy

• Published in: Allergy (Copenhagen) Vol. 77; no. 5; pp. 1360 - 1372
• Main Authors: Singh, Neera, Diebold, Yolanda, Sahu, Srikant K., Leonardi, Andrea
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Denmark Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.05.2022; John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Subjects: Allergens; allergic conjunctivitis; Allergic diseases; Allergies; Asthma; Atopic dermatitis; Conjunctivitis, Allergic; epithelial barrier; Eyes & eyesight; Food allergies; glycocalyx; Humans; Immune response; Immune system; Keratoconjunctivitis; ocular allergy; Pathogenesis; Pathophysiology; Pollutants; Review; Rhinitis; tight junctions; vernal keratoconjunctivitis; glycocalyx; vernal keratoconjunctivitis; allergic conjunctivitis; ocular allergy; tight junctions; epithelial barrier
• ISSN: 0105-4538; 1398-9995
• DOI: 10.1111/all.15174

The epithelial barrier is the first line of defense that forms a protective barrier against pathogens, pollutants, and allergens. Epithelial barrier dysfunction has been recently implicated in the development of allergic diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, and rhinitis. However, there is limited knowledge on epithelial barrier dysfunction in ocular allergy (OA). Since the ocular surface is directly exposed to the environment, it is important to understand the role of ocular epithelia and their dysfunction in OA. Impaired epithelial barrier enhances allergen uptake, which lead to activation of immune responses and development of chronic inflammation as seen in allergies. Abnormal expression of tight junction proteins that helps to maintain epithelial integrity has been reported in OA but sufficient data not available in chronic atopic (AKC) and vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), the pathophysiology of which is not just complex, but also the current treatments are not completely effective. This review provides an overview of studies, which indicates the role of barrier dysfunction in OA, and highlights how ocular barrier dysfunction possibly contributes to the disease pathogenesis. The review also explores the potential of ocular epithelial barrier repair strategies as preventive and therapeutic approach.