Exploring the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and serum lipids—more than confounding?

• Published in: European journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 72; no. 4; pp. 526 - 533
• Main Authors: Jorde, Rolf, Grimnes, Guri
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.04.2018; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 101/58; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D; 631/443/810; 692/163; Adult; Aged; Blood lipids; Blood tests; Cholesterol; Cholesterol - blood; Clinical Nutrition; Correlation analysis; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dietary supplements; Epidemiology; European Continental Ancestry Group - genetics; European Continental Ancestry Group - statistics & numerical data; Female; Fish; Fish oils; Genetic polymorphisms; Genetic research; Genotype; Glucose; Glucose tolerance; High density lipoprotein; Humans; Internal Medicine; Lipid research; Lipids; Longitudinal studies; Low density lipoprotein; Low density lipoproteins; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Metabolic Diseases; Middle Aged; Norway - epidemiology; Oils & fats; Protein binding; Public Health; Serum lipids; Single nucleotide polymorphisms; Single-nucleotide polymorphism; Triglycerides; Triglycerides - blood; Type 2 diabetes; Vitamin D; Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives; Vitamin D - blood; Vitamins; Norway
• ISSN: 0954-3007; 1476-5640; 1476-5640
• DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0088-z

Background/objectives In observational, but not interventional, studies there are strong associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and serum lipids. The purpose of the present study was to examine potential causes of this association. Subjects/methods A total of 17,411 subjects participating in the seventh survey of the Tromsø Study were included in the cross-sectional study; 5384 subjects who participated in both the sixth and seventh survey were included in the longitudinal study; 2365 subjects who participated in both the fourth and seventh survey were included in the genetic study; and 479 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance were included in the vitamin D binding protein (DBP) analyses. Results For serum 25(OH)D, there were strong and positive associations with LDL-, HDL-, and total-cholesterol, and a negative association with triglycerides that remained after adjustment for gender, age, BMI, diet, supplements, and lifestyle factors. These associations were seen in winter as well as summer. Except for serum cholesterol, change of season for blood sampling did not affect lipid levels. However, when analyzing separately, subjects with low or no intake of vitamin D supplements, fish oil and fat fish, only the association between 25(OH)D and HDL-cholesterol remained significant. Serum DBP or single-nucleotide polymorphisms related to 25(OH)D had no relation to lipid levels. Conclusions The associations between 25(OH)D and lipids (except for HDL-cholesterol) can be explained by known confounding factors. However, for HDL-cholesterol, the cause of the association with 25(OH)D still remains unknown.