Mechanisms of astrocyte development and their contributions to neurodevelopmental disorders

• Published in: Current opinion in neurobiology Vol. 27; pp. 75 - 81
• Main Authors: Sloan, Steven A, Barres, Ben A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.08.2014
• Subjects: Animals; Astrocytes - pathology; Central Nervous System Diseases - complications; Central Nervous System Diseases - pathology; Developmental Disabilities - complications; Developmental Disabilities - pathology; Humans; Neurogenesis - physiology; Neurology; Neurons - pathology; Psychiatry
• ISSN: 0959-4388; 1873-6882; 1873-6882
• DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2014.03.005

•Astrocytes play crucial roles in establishing neural circuits during development.•The onset of astrogenesis is temporally regulated.•Extrinsic cues and intrinsic factors contribute to neural progenitor cell fate.•Primary astrocyte pathology may precipitate neurodevelopmental disorders. The development of functional neural circuits relies upon the coordination of various cell types. In particular, astrocytes play a crucial role in orchestrating neural development by powerfully coordinating synapse formation and function, neuronal survival, and axon guidance. While astrocytes help to shape neural circuits in the developing brain, the mechanisms underlying their own development may play an equally crucial role in nervous system function. The onset of astrogenesis is a temporally regulated phenomenon that relies upon exogenously secreted cues and intrinsic chromatin changes. Defects in the mechanisms underlying astrogenesis or in astrocyte function during early development may contribute to the progression of a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders.