Microglia: A Double-Edged Sword in Intracerebral Hemorrhage From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Research

Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). It is well established that microglia are activated and polarized to acquire different inflammatory phenotypes, either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotypes, which act as a critical component in the neuroinflamma...

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Published inFrontiers in immunology Vol. 12; p. 675660
Main Authors Liu, Jiachen, Liu, Lirong, Wang, Xiaoyu, Jiang, Rundong, Bai, Qinqin, Wang, Gaiqing
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Frontiers Media S.A 06.05.2021
Subjects
Immunology
intracerebral hemorrhage
microglia
neuroimmunology
neuroinflammation
phenotype switch
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Summary:Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). It is well established that microglia are activated and polarized to acquire different inflammatory phenotypes, either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotypes, which act as a critical component in the neuroinflammation following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Microglia produce pro-inflammatory mediators at the early stages after ICH onset, anti-inflammatory microglia with neuroprotective effects appear to be suppressed. Previous research found that driving microglia towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype could restrict inflammation and engulf cellular debris. The principal objective of this review is to analyze the phenotypes and dynamic profiles of microglia as well as their shift in functional response following ICH. The results may further the understanding of the body’s self-regulatory functions involving microglia following ICH. On this basis, suggestions for future clinical development and research are provided.
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This article was submitted to Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology
These authors have contributed equally to this work
Reviewed by: Adam Denes, Institute of Experimental Medicine (MTA), Hungary; Susanne Kooistra, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands
Edited by: Amanda Sierra, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Spain
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2021.675660