Geriatric nutrition risk index in the prediction of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in older adults with hyperlipidemia: NHANES 1999–2018

• Published in: BMC geriatrics Vol. 24; no. 1; pp. 634 - 11
• Main Authors: Cheng, Kun, Zhang, Jing, Ye, Lu-Ya, Lin, Mou-Hui, Ding, Xiao-Yan, Zheng, Xiao-E, Zhou, Xiao-Fen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 27.07.2024; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Aged; Aged patients; Aged, 80 and over; All-cause mortality; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - mortality; Cardiovascular mortality; Care and treatment; Cause of Death - trends; Complications and side effects; Development and progression; Female; Geriatric Assessment - methods; Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index; Humans; Hyperlipidemia; Hyperlipidemias - complications; Hyperlipidemias - epidemiology; Hyperlipidemias - mortality; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Kidney diseases; Male; Malnutrition; Malnutrition - diagnosis; Malnutrition - epidemiology; Malnutrition - mortality; Mortality; Nutrition Assessment; Nutrition Surveys - methods; Nutrition Surveys - trends; Nutritional Status; Older adults; Older people; Prevention; Proportional Hazards Models; Regression analysis; Risk Assessment - methods; Risk Factors; Survival; China; Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index; All-cause mortality; Hyperlipidemia; Older adults; Cardiovascular mortality
• ISSN: 1471-2318; 1471-2318
• DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05232-6

Malnutrition is linked to a higher risk of unfavorable outcomes in various illnesses. The present investigation explored the correlation between inadequate nutritional condition and outcomes in older individuals diagnosed with hyperlipidemia. The geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) was used to evaluate the nutritional status. All patients were divided into two groups according to GNRI. A Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess the survival rates of different groups at risk of malnutrition. In addition, GNRI was used in COX proportional risk regression models to evaluate its predictive effect on both overall mortality and cardiovascular mortality among patients with hyperlipidemia. Furthermore, the study employed restricted cubic splines (RCS) to examine the nonlinear correlation between GNRI and mortality. The study included 4,532 elderly individuals diagnosed with hyperlipidemia. During a median follow-up duration of 139 months, a total of 1498 deaths from all causes and 410 deaths from cardiovascular causes occurred. The Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated significantly poorer survival among individuals at risk of malnutrition, as indicated by the GNRI. In the malnutrition risk group, the modified COX proportional hazards model revealed that a decrease in GNRI was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR=1.686, 95% CI 1.212-2.347) and cardiovascular mortality (HR=3.041, 95% CI 1.797-5.147). Furthermore, the restricted cubic splines revealed a non-linear association between GNRI and both all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality (p-value for non-linearity = 0.0039, p-value for non-linearity=0.0386). In older patients with hyperlipidemia, lower levels of GNRI are associated with mortality. The GNRI could potentially be used to predict all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality.