Sex Differences and Regulatory Actions of Estrogen in Cardiovascular System

Great progress has been made in the understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and this has improved the prevention and prognosis of CVDs. However, while sex differences in CVDs have been well documented and studied for decades, their full extent remains unclear. Results...

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Published inFrontiers in physiology Vol. 12; p. 738218
Main Authors Ueda, Kazutaka, Fukuma, Nobuaki, Adachi, Yusuke, Numata, Genri, Tokiwa, Hiroyuki, Toyoda, Masayuki, Otani, Akira, Hashimoto, Masaki, Liu, Pang-Yen, Takimoto, Eiki
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Frontiers Media S.A 28.09.2021
Subjects
cardiovascular disease
cardiovascular homeostasis
estrogen
non-nuclear signaling
Physiology
sex hormones
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Summary:Great progress has been made in the understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and this has improved the prevention and prognosis of CVDs. However, while sex differences in CVDs have been well documented and studied for decades, their full extent remains unclear. Results of the latest clinical studies provide strong evidence of sex differences in the efficacy of drug treatment for heart failure, thereby possibly providing new mechanistic insights into sex differences in CVDs. In this review, we discuss the significance of sex differences, as rediscovered by recent studies, in the pathogenesis of CVDs. First, we provide an overview of the results of clinical trials to date regarding sex differences and hormone replacement therapy. Then, we discuss the role of sex differences in the maintenance and disruption of cardiovascular tissue homeostasis.
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Edited by: Nazareno Paolocci, Johns Hopkins University, United States
This article was submitted to Clinical and Translational Physiology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Physiology
Reviewed by: Sang-Bing Ong, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China; Jaromir Myslivecek, Charles University, Czechia
ISSN:1664-042X
1664-042X
DOI:10.3389/fphys.2021.738218