Host-microbiome interactions: the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and the central nervous system

The microbiome located within a given host and its organs forms a holobiont, an intimate functional entity with evolutionarily designed interactions to support nutritional intake and reproduction. Thus, all organs in a holobiont respond to changes within the microbiome. The development and function...

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Published inJournal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) Vol. 95; no. 1; pp. 29 - 39
Main Authors Lee, Hae Ung, McPherson, Zachary E, Tan, Bryan, Korecka, Agata, Pettersson, Sven
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.01.2017
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects
Animals
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Central nervous system
Central Nervous System - physiology
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Gastrointestinal Tract
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Human Genetics
Humans
Hydrocarbons
Internal Medicine
Intestinal microflora
Ligands
Microbiomes
Microbiota
Molecular Medicine
Nervous system
Neurodegeneration
Neurodegenerative Diseases - etiology
Neurodegenerative Diseases - metabolism
Neurodegenerative Diseases - pathology
Neurogenesis
Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon - metabolism
Review
Signal Transduction
Neurodevelopment
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor
Host-microbiome interactions
Neurodegeneration
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Summary:The microbiome located within a given host and its organs forms a holobiont, an intimate functional entity with evolutionarily designed interactions to support nutritional intake and reproduction. Thus, all organs in a holobiont respond to changes within the microbiome. The development and function of the central nervous system and its homeostatic mechanisms are no exception and are also subject to regulation by the gut microbiome. In order for the holobiont to function effectively, the microbiome and host must communicate. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor is an evolutionarily conserved receptor recognizing environmental compounds, including a number of ligands produced directly and indirectly by the microbiome. This review focuses on the microbiome-gut-brain axis in regard to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway and its impact on underlying mechanisms in neurodegeneration.
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ISSN:0946-2716
1432-1440
DOI:10.1007/s00109-016-1486-0