Advances in Nanoparticles for Effective Delivery of RNA Therapeutics

• Published in: Biochip journal Vol. 16; no. 2; pp. 128 - 145
• Main Authors: Byun, Min Ji, Lim, Jaesung, Kim, Se-Na, Park, Dae-Hwan, Kim, Tae-Hyung, Park, Wooram, Park, Chun Gwon
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Seoul The Korean BioChip Society (KBCS) 01.06.2022; Springer Nature B.V; 한국바이오칩학회
• Subjects: Acids; Atherosclerosis; Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering; Biotechnology; Brain research; Cancer therapies; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Cystic fibrosis; Efficiency; Gene expression; Genomes; Immunogenicity; Infectious diseases; Kinases; Lipids; Melanoma; MicroRNAs; mRNA; mRNA vaccines; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Ovarian cancer; Peptides; Platforms; Polymers; Prostate; Protein expression; Proteins; Review; Review Article; Ribonucleic acid; RNA; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; siRNA; Toxicity; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; 생물공학; Nanoparticles; RNA delivery; Gene therapy; Nanomedicine; Biomaterials
• ISSN: 1976-0280; 2092-7843
• DOI: 10.1007/s13206-022-00052-5

RNA therapeutics, including messenger RNA (mRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA), are genetic materials that mediate the translation of genetic direction from genes to induce or inhibit specific protein production. Although the interest in RNA therapeutics is rising globally, the absence of an effective delivery system is an obstacle to the clinical application of RNA therapeutics. Additionally, immunogenicity, short duration of protein expression, unwanted enzymatic degradation, and insufficient cellular uptake could limit the therapeutic efficacy of RNA therapeutics. In this regard, novel platforms based on nanoparticles are crucial for delivering RNAs to the targeted site to increase efficiency without toxicity. In this review, the most recent status of nanoparticles as RNA delivery vectors, with a focus on polymeric nanoparticles, peptide-derived nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, and hybrid nanoparticles, is discussed. These nanoparticular platforms can be utilized for safe and effective RNA delivery to augment therapeutic effects. Ultimately, RNA therapeutics encapsulated in nanoparticle-based carriers will be used to treat many diseases and save lives.