Dietary intake and major food sources of polyphenols in a Spanish population at high cardiovascular risk: The PREDIMED study

• Published in: Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases Vol. 23; no. 10; pp. 953 - 959
• Main Authors: Tresserra-Rimbau, A, Medina-Remón, A, Pérez-Jiménez, J, Martínez-González, M.A, Covas, M.I, Corella, D, Salas-Salvadó, J, Gómez-Gracia, E, Lapetra, J, Arós, F, Fiol, M, Ros, E, Serra-Majem, L, Pintó, X, Muñoz, M.A, Saez, G.T, Ruiz-Gutiérrez, V, Warnberg, J, Estruch, R, Lamuela-Raventós, R.M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.10.2013
• Subjects: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Cardiovascular; cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology; Cardiovascular Diseases - ethnology; Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control; Chlorogenic Acid - analogs & derivatives; Chlorogenic Acid - analysis; Chlorogenic Acid - therapeutic use; Coffee - chemistry; Cohort Studies; Consumption; coumaric acids; Coumaric Acids - analysis; Coumaric Acids - therapeutic use; Diet, Mediterranean - ethnology; dietary nutrient sources; Female; flavonoids; Flavonoids - analysis; Flavonoids - therapeutic use; food consumption; food frequency questionnaires; food intake; foods; Fruit - chemistry; fruits; Functional Food - analysis; Humans; Male; Mediterranean diet; Middle Aged; mortality; Olea - chemistry; Olive Oil; olives; Phenol-Explorer database; Phenols - analysis; Phenols - therapeutic use; Plant Oils - chemistry; Plant Oils - therapeutic use; Polyphenols; Polyphenols - analysis; Polyphenols - therapeutic use; PREDIMED study; Quinic Acid - analogs & derivatives; Quinic Acid - analysis; Quinic Acid - therapeutic use; randomized clinical trials; Risk; Spain - epidemiology; England; Mediterranean region; Spain; PREDIMED study; Consumption; Polyphenols; Olive oil; Mediterranean diet; Phenol-Explorer database
• ISSN: 0939-4753; 1590-3729
• DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.10.008

Summary Background and aims Epidemiological data have shown an inverse association between the consumption of polyphenol-rich foods and the risk of cardiovascular disease or overall mortality. A comprehensive estimation of individual polyphenol intake in nutritional cohorts is needed to gain a better understanding of this association. The aim of this study was to estimate the quantitative intake of polyphenols and the major dietary sources in the PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) cohort using individual food consumption records. Methods and results The PREDIMED study is a large, parallel-group, multicentre, randomised, controlled 5-year feeding trial aimed at assessing the effects of the Mediterranean diet on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. A total of 7200 participants, aged 55–80 years, completed a validated 1-year food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline. Polyphenol consumption was calculated by matching food consumption data from the FFQ with the recently developed Phenol-Explorer database on polyphenol content in foods. The mean total polyphenol intake was 820 ± 323 mg day−1 (443 ± 218 mg day−1 of flavonoids and 304 ± 156 mg day−1 of phenolic acids). Hydroxycinnamic acids were the phenolic group with the highest consumption and 5-caffeoylquinic acid was the most abundantly ingested individual polyphenol. The consumption of olives and olive oil was a differentiating factor in the phenolic profile of this Spanish population compared with other countries. Conclusion In Mediterranean countries, such as Spain, the main dietary source of polyphenols is coffee and fruits, but the most important differentiating factor with respect to other countries is the consumption of polyphenols from olives and olive oil. Clinical trial registry International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN of London, England) 35739639.