Cannabidiol and Cannabigerol Exert Antimicrobial Activity without Compromising Skin Microbiota

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 24; no. 3; p. 2389
• Main Authors: Luz-Veiga, Mariana, Amorim, Manuela, Pinto-Ribeiro, Inês, Oliveira, Ana L S, Silva, Sara, Pimentel, Lígia L, Rodríguez-Alcalá, Luís M, Madureira, Raquel, Pintado, Manuela, Azevedo-Silva, João, Fernandes, João
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 25.01.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Antibiotics; Antiinfectives and antibacterials; Antimicrobial activity; Antimicrobial agents; Bacteria; biofilm; Biofilms; Cannabidiol; Cannabidiol - pharmacology; cannabigerol; Cannabinoids; Cannabinoids - pharmacology; Cannabis; Chromatography; cosmetic preservative; Cosmetics; Cytotoxicity; Drug resistance; E coli; Ethanol; Gram-negative bacteria; Gram-positive bacteria; Keratinocytes; Microbiota; Microorganisms; Preservatives; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Reagents; Skin; Skin diseases; Solvents; Staphylococcus infections; Streptococcus infections; cannabidiol; cosmetic preservative; biofilm; cannabigerol; skin microbiota; antimicrobial activity; keratinocytes
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032389

Cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG) are two pharmacologically active phytocannabinoids of L. Their antimicrobial activity needs further elucidation, particularly for CBG, as reports on this cannabinoid are scarce. We investigated CBD and CBG's antimicrobial potential, including their ability to inhibit the formation and cause the removal of biofilms. Our results demonstrate that both molecules present activity against planktonic bacteria and biofilms, with both cannabinoids removing mature biofilms at concentrations below the determined minimum inhibitory concentrations. We report for the first time minimum inhibitory and lethal concentrations for and (ranging from 400 to 3180 µM), as well as the ability of cannabinoids to inhibit adhesion to keratinocytes, with CBG demonstrating higher activity than CBD. The value of these molecules as preservative ingredients for cosmetics was also assayed, with CBG meeting the USP 51 challenge test criteria for antimicrobial effectiveness. Further, the exact formulation showed no negative impact on skin microbiota. Our results suggest that phytocannabinoids can be promising topical antimicrobial agents when searching for novel therapeutic candidates for different skin conditions. Additional research is needed to clarify phytocannabinoids' mechanisms of action, aiming to develop practical applications in dermatological use.