Peak Detection Algorithm for Vital Sign Detection Using Doppler Radar Sensors

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 19; no. 7; p. 1575
• Main Authors: Kim, Ju-Yeon, Park, Jae-Hyun, Jang, Se-Young, Yang, Jong-Ryul
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI 01.04.2019; MDPI AG
• Subjects: Adult; Algorithms; autonomic nervous system; continuous-wave Doppler radar; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart Rate; heart rate variability analysis; heartbeat; Humans; Male; peak detection; Radar; Respiratory Rate; RMSSD; SDNN; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Telemetry; Vital Signs; Young Adult; continuous-wave Doppler radar; peak detection; vital signs; autonomic nervous system; heartbeat; SDNN; RMSSD; electrocardiography; heart rate variability analysis
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s19071575

An accurate method for detecting vital signs obtained from a Doppler radar sensor is proposed. A Doppler radar sensor can remotely obtain vital signs such as heartbeat and respiration rate, but the vital signs obtained by using the sensor do not show clear peaks like in electrocardiography (ECG) because of the operating characteristics of the radar. The proposed peak detection algorithm extracts the vital signs from the raw data. The algorithm shows the mean accuracy of 96.78% compared to the peak count from the reference ECG sensor and a processing time approximately two times faster than the gradient-based algorithm. To verify whether heart rate variability (HRV) analysis similar to that with an ECG sensor is possible for a radar sensor when applying the proposed method, the continuous parameter variations of the HRV in the time domain are analyzed using data processed with the proposed peak detection algorithm. Experimental results with six subjects show that the proposed method can obtain the heart rate with high accuracy but cannot obtain the information for an HRV analysis because the proposed method cannot overcome the characteristics of the radar sensor itself.