Californium-252 Brachytherapy Combined With External-Beam Radiotherapy for Cervical Cancer: Long-Term Treatment Results

• Published in: International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics Vol. 81; no. 5; pp. 1264 - 1270
• Main Authors: Lei, Xin, M.D., Ph.D, Qian, Cheng-Yuan, M.Sc, Qing, Yi, M.D, Zhao, Ke-Wei, M.D, Yang, Zheng-Zhou, M.D., Ph.D, Dai, Nan, M.D, Zhong, Zhao-Yang, M.D, Tang, Cheng, M.Sc, Li, Zheng, M.Sc, Gu, Xian-Qing, M.Sc, Zhou, Qian, M.Sc, Feng, Yan, M.Sc, Xiong, Yan-Li, M.Sc, Shan, Jin-Lu, M.D, Wang, Dong, M.D., Ph.D
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Elsevier Inc 01.12.2011; Elsevier
• Subjects: ADHESION; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis of Variance; Biological and medical sciences; BRACHYTHERAPY; Brachytherapy - methods; Californium - adverse effects; Californium - therapeutic use; CALIFORNIUM 252; Cervical cancer; Contracture - etiology; Cystitis - etiology; EXTERNAL IRRADIATION; Female; Female genital diseases; Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics; Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine; Humans; INFLAMMATION; LYMPH NODES; Medical sciences; METASTASES; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; NEOPLASMS; NEUTRONS; PATIENTS; PELVIS; PROCTITIS; Proctitis - etiology; RADIATION DOSES; Radiation Injuries - complications; Radiology; RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE; Radiotherapy Dosage; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome; Treatment results; Tumors; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms - mortality; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms - pathology; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms - radiotherapy; Vagina - radiation effects; X RADIATION; Young Adult; Brachytherapy; Treatment results; Californium-252; Cervical cancer; Californium; Malignant tumor; Radiotherapy; Electrontherapy; Long term; Female genital diseases; Extracorporeal irradiation; Cancerology; Combined treatment; Curietherapy; Uterine cervix diseases; Cancer
• ISSN: 0360-3016; 1879-355X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.08.039

Purpose To observe, by retrospective analysis, the curative effects and complications due to californium-252 (252 Cf) neutron intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) combined with external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in the treatment of cervical cancer. Methods and Materials From February 1999 to December 2007, 696 patients with cervical cancer (Stages IB to IIIB) were treated with252 Cf-ICBT in combination of EBRT. Of all, 31 patients were at Stage IB, 104 at IIA, 363 at IIB, 64 at IIIA, and 134 at IIIB. Californium-252 ICBT was delivered at 7–12 Gy per insertion per week, with a total dose of 29–45 Gy to reference point A in three to five insertions. The whole pelvic cavity was treated with 8-MV X-ray external irradiation at 2 Gy per fraction, four times per week. After 16–38 Gy of external irradiation, the center of the whole pelvic field was blocked with a 4-cm-wide lead shield, with a total external irradiation dose of 44–56 Gy. The total treatment course was 5 to 6 weeks. Results Overall survival rate at 3 and 5 years for all patients was 76.0% and 64.9%, respectively. Disease-free 3- and 5-year survival rates of patients were 71.2% and 58.4%, respectively. Late complications included vaginal contracture and adhesion, radiation proctitis, radiation cystitis, and inflammatory bowel, which accounted for 5.8%, 7.1%, 6.2%, and 4.9%, respectively. Univariate analysis results showed significant correlation of stage, age, histopathologic grade, and lymph node status with overall survival. Cox multiple regression analysis showed that the independent variables were stage, histopathologic grade, tumor size, and lymphatic metastasis in all patients. Conclusion Results of this series suggest that the combined use of252 Cf-ICBT with EBRT is an effective method for treatment of cervical cancer.