Modulators of decision making

• Published in: Nature neuroscience Vol. 11; no. 4; pp. 410 - 416
• Main Author: Doya, Kenji
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Nature Publishing Group US 01.04.2008; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: Algorithms; Animal Genetics and Genomics; Animals; Behavioral Sciences; Biological Techniques; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Candidates; Computational Biology; Decision Making; Environment; Expected utility; Gyrus Cinguli - physiology; Humans; Models, Neurological; Models, Psychological; Nervous system; Neurobiology; Neurosciences; Neurotransmitter Agents - physiology; Neurotransmitters; Physiological aspects; Probability; Probability Learning; review-article; Reward; Utility functions; Japan; Okinawa
• ISSN: 1097-6256; 1546-1726
• DOI: 10.1038/nn2077

Human and animal decisions are modulated by a variety of environmental and intrinsic contexts. Here I consider computational factors that can affect decision making and review anatomical structures and neurochemical systems that are related to contextual modulation of decision making. Expectation of a high reward can motivate a subject to go for an action despite a large cost, a decision that is influenced by dopamine in the anterior cingulate cortex. Uncertainty of action outcomes can promote risk taking and exploratory choices, in which norepinephrine and the orbitofrontal cortex appear to be involved. Predictable environments should facilitate consideration of longer-delayed rewards, which depends on serotonin in the dorsal striatum and dorsal prefrontal cortex. This article aims to sort out factors that affect the process of decision making from the viewpoint of reinforcement learning theory and to bridge between such computational needs and their neurophysiological substrates.