Dietary human exposure to mercury in two artisanal small-scale gold mining communities of northwestern Colombia

• Published in: Environment international Vol. 107; pp. 47 - 54
• Main Authors: Salazar-Camacho, Carlos, Salas-Moreno, Manuel, Marrugo-Madrid, Siday, Marrugo-Negrete, José, Díez, Sergi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 01.10.2017
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; anthropogenic activities; Child; Chocó department; Colombia; Diet; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants - analysis; Female; fish; Fish consumption; Fishes; gender; Gold; Gold mining; Hair - chemistry; Hg-amalgamation; human health; human population; Humans; Linear Models; Male; men; mercury; Mercury - analysis; Methylmercury; methylmercury compounds; Methylmercury Compounds - analysis; Middle Aged; Mining; pollution; regression analysis; towns; traditional technology; United States; United States Environmental Protection Agency; women; World Health Organization; Young Adult; Colombia; United States; Hg-amalgamation; Chocó department; Gold mining; Methylmercury; Fish consumption
• ISSN: 0160-4120; 1873-6750; 1873-6750
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.06.011

Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is the largest anthropogenic source of mercury pollution worldwide, posing a grave threat to human health. The present study identifies current levels of mercury in the human population from mining areas of the Chocó Department, Colombia, through total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) measurements in human hair. Mercury exposure of the local population was assessed in two towns affected by ASGM and was related to different variables of interest. Concentrations of THg in human hair ranged from 0.06 to 17.54ppm and the mean value for the subjects under study was 2.48ppm. Men had significantly higher levels than women in both towns (3.29ppm vs. 0.77ppm). Fish consumption was related to a marked increase of THg in hair, with mean values close to five times higher in frequent fish consumers (5–7 times/week) than in non-fish consumers (4.80ppm vs. 0.90ppm). A multiple linear regression model was fitted successfully (R=0.671) and reveals that gender, fish consumption and location of residence were significant indicators of Hg levels in hair, while no significant relationship was found for age. Approximately 60% of subjects tested had THg levels that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reference dose of 1.0ppm, while 25% surpassed that of the World Health Organization (2.2ppm). •Mercury exposure near artisanal and small-scale gold mining communities was assessed.•Hair was used as a proxy for the Hg-MeHg transformation, accumulation and consumption.•Mercury level in frequent fish consumers was 5 times higher than in non-consumers•Gender, fish intake and location are significant indicators of Hg levels in hair.