Effects of simulated natural and massive resuspension on benthic oxygen, nutrient and dissolved inorganic carbon fluxes in Loch Creran, Scotland

• Published in: Journal of sea research Vol. 72; pp. 38 - 48
• Main Authors: Almroth-Rosell, Elin, Tengberg, Anders, Andersson, Sara, Apler, Anna, Hall, Per O.J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier B.V 01.08.2012; Elsevier
• Subjects: Animal and plant ecology; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Biological and medical sciences; Carbon; Dissolved Inorganic Carbon; Earth and Related Environmental Sciences; Fluxes; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap; Loch Creran; Marine; Nutrients; Oxygen; Oxygen consumption; Phosphates; Resuspension; Scotland; Sea water ecosystems; Sediments; Silicates; Simulation; Stations; Synecology; United Kingdom; Scotland; Great Britain; Europe; ANE, Sweden, Goeteborg; ANE, British Isles, Scotland; Loch Creran; Nutrients; Scotland; Oxygen; Resuspension; Dissolved Inorganic Carbon; Marine environment; Nutrient; Carbon; Benthic zone
• ISSN: 1385-1101; 1873-1414
• DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2012.04.012

The effect of repeated natural resuspension on benthic oxygen consumption and the effect of natural and massive resuspension on oxygen consumption and fluxes of phosphate, silicate, ammonium and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were studied at two stations (S1 and S2) in a Scottish sea loch. Station S11 had organically enriched sediment and station S1 had lower organic content in the sediment. The fluxes were measured in situ using the Göteborg benthic lander. Natural resuspension, simulating resuspension events due to strong wind, waves or currents, and massive resuspension, simulating resuspension due to e.g. trawling or dredging, were created inside the incubation chambers by regulating the stirring of the incubated overlying water or by retracting and shaking the incubated sediment. Natural resuspension showed clear effects on the oxygen consumption at station S11, where it increased with an average of 12.8 (standard error (s.e.) 0.17) and 7.7 (s.e. 0.12) mmolm−2d−1 during the first and second incubations, respectively. At station S1 there was no clear effect of natural resuspension on the oxygen consumption. Massive resuspension increased the oxygen consumption on S1 with an average of 608 (standard deviation (sd) 366) mmolm−2d−1 and on S11 with an average of 2396 (sd 2265) mmolm−2d−1. The fluxes of ammonium, phosphate and silicate were affected by the massive resuspension in 50, 14 and 33% of the chambers, respectively, on station S11. However, in the majority of the cases there were no effects on the nutrient and DIC fluxes of massive resuspension. The absolute concentrations of DIC, ammonium and silicate did however instantly increase with an average of 419 (sd 297), 48 (sd 27) and 6.9 (sd 3.7) μM, respectively, at S11 upon massive resuspension. The concentrations of phosphate decreased instantly with an average of 0.2 (sd 0.1) μM. On station S1 there were effects only on the ammonium and silicate concentrations, which increased with 0.8 (sd 0.3) and 1.13 (sd 0.36) μM, respectively. The large increase in oxygen consumption due to massive resuspension indicates that activities like e.g. trawling and dredging that take place in areas where water exchange occurs infrequently may lead to oxygen depletion in bottom water, which in turn might affect the ecological balance. Silicate, ammonium and DIC can be released due to massive resuspension and contribute to increased algal blooms in surface waters. ► Effects of resuspension on benthic solute fluxes were studied in situ in chambers. ► Natural resuspension increased the oxygen consumption in organic enriched sediment. ► Massive resuspension caused a huge increase of oxygen consumption in all sediments. ► Natural and massive resuspension had no effects on fluxes of nutrients and DIC. ► Massive resuspension instantly changed the water concentrations of DIC and nutrients.