Markers of sympathetic nervous system activity associate with complex plasma lipids in metabolic syndrome subjects

• Published in: Atherosclerosis Vol. 256; pp. 21 - 28
• Main Authors: Nestel, Paul J., Khan, Anmar A., Straznicky, Nora E., Mellett, Natalie A., Jayawardana, Kaushala, Mundra, Piyushkumar A., Lambert, Gavin W., Meikle, Peter J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ireland Elsevier B.V 01.01.2017
• Subjects: Aged; Biomarkers - blood; Cardiovascular; Case-Control Studies; Ceramides - blood; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified - blood; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Lipidomics; Lipids - blood; Male; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolic Syndrome - blood; Metabolic Syndrome - diagnosis; Metabolic Syndrome - physiopathology; Middle Aged; NEFA; Norepinephrine; Norepinephrine - blood; Obesity - blood; Obesity - diagnosis; Obesity - physiopathology; Phospholipids - blood; Sphingolipids - blood; Sympathetic Nervous System - metabolism; Sympathetic Nervous System - physiopathology; Sympathetic nervous system activity; Synaptic Transmission; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Lipidomics; IR; Metabolic syndrome; Sympathetic nervous system activity; HOMA-IR; HDL; MetS; LDL; NEFA; Insulin resistance; SNS; Norepinephrine; BMI; High density lipoprotein; Non-esterified fatty acids; Sympathetic nervous system; Low density lipoprotein; Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; Body mass index kg/m 2
• ISSN: 0021-9150; 1879-1484
• DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.11.032

Plasma sphingolipids including ceramides, and gangliosides are associated with insulin resistance (IR) through effects on insulin signalling and glucose metabolism. Our studies of subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS) showed close relationships between IR and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity including arterial norepinephrine (NE). We have therefore investigated possible associations of IR and SNS activity with complex lipids that are involved in both insulin sensitivity and neurotransmission. We performed a cross-sectional assessment of 23 lipid classes/subclasses (total 339 lipid species) by tandem mass spectrometry in 94 overweight untreated subjects with IR (quantified by HOMA-IR, Matsuda index and plasma insulin). Independently of IR parameters, several circulating complex lipids associated significantly with arterial NE and NEFA (non-esterified fatty acids) and marginally with heart rate (HR). After accounting for BMI, HOMA-IR, systolic BP, age, gender, and correction for multiple comparisons, these associations were significant (p < 0.05): NE with ceramide, phosphatidylcholine, alkyl- and alkenylphosphatidylcholine and free cholesterol; NEFA with mono- di- and trihexosylceramide, GM3 ganglioside, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, alkyl- and alkenylphosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and free cholesterol; HR marginally (p = or <0.1>0.05) with ceramide, GM3 ganglioside, sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, lysophosphatidylinositol and free cholesterol. Multiple subspecies of these lipids significantly associated with NE and NEFA. None of the IR biomarkers associated significantly with lipid classes/subclasses after correction for multiple comparisons. This is the first demonstration that arterial norepinephrine and NEFA, that reflect both SNS activity and IR, associate significantly with circulating complex lipids independently of IR, suggesting a role for such lipids in neural mechanisms operating in MetS. •Sympathetic nervous system activity (SNS) and insulin resistance (IR) are related in obesity.•Complex lipid classes were found to be associated with SNS independently of IR.•Plasma levels of these lipids differed between MetS and healthy subjects.•These sphingolipids, ceramides and phospholipids are involved in neurotransmission.•Complex lipids may partly explain SNS overactivity in obesity via neurotransmission.