Estrogen Receptors and Ubiquitin Proteasome System: Mutual Regulation

• Published in: Biomolecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 10; no. 4; p. 500
• Main Authors: Kondakova, Irina V, Shashova, Elena E, Sidenko, Evgenia A, Astakhova, Tatiana M, Zakharova, Liudmila A, Sharova, Natalia P
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 26.03.2020; MDPI
• Subjects: Amino acids; Analysis; Animals; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Behavior; Biomolecules; Bones; cancer; Cell growth; Control; Cysteine Endopeptidases - genetics; Cysteine Endopeptidases - metabolism; Cytoplasm; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; DNA methylation; Estrogen receptors; Estrogens; Gene expression; Gene Expression Regulation; Growth factors; Hormones; Humans; immune proteasomes; Kinases; Ligands; Localization; Mammalian cells; membrane estrogen receptors; Metabolism; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial DNA; nuclear estrogen receptors; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex - chemistry; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex - metabolism; Proteasomes; Protein synthesis; Proteins; Receptors, Estrogen - genetics; Receptors, Estrogen - metabolism; Review; Structure; Transcription; Transcription factors; Ubiquitin; Ubiquitin - metabolism; Ubiquitin-proteasome system; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes - metabolism; Ubiquitination; Russia; ubiquitin proteasome system; cancer; membrane estrogen receptors; nuclear estrogen receptors; immune proteasomes
• ISSN: 2218-273X; 2218-273X
• DOI: 10.3390/biom10040500

This review provides information on the structure of estrogen receptors (ERs), their localization and functions in mammalian cells. Additionally, the structure of proteasomes and mechanisms of protein ubiquitination and cleavage are described. According to the modern concept, the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is involved in the regulation of the activity of ERs in several ways. First, UPS performs the ubiquitination of ERs with a change in their functional activity. Second, UPS degrades ERs and their transcriptional regulators. Third, UPS affects the expression of ER genes. In addition, the opportunity of the regulation of proteasome functioning by ERs-in particular, the expression of immune proteasomes-is discussed. Understanding the complex mechanisms underlying the regulation of ERs and proteasomes has great prospects for the development of new therapeutic agents that can make a significant contribution to the treatment of diseases associated with the impaired function of these biomolecules.