Paracoccidioides brasiliensis PS2: First Autochthonous Paracoccidioidomycosis Case Report in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and Literature Review

• Published in: Mycopathologia (1975) Vol. 181; no. 9-10; pp. 701 - 708
• Main Authors: de Macedo, Priscila Marques, Almeida-Paes, Rodrigo, de Medeiros Muniz, Mauro, Oliveira, Manoel Marques Evangelista, Zancopé-Oliveira, Rosely Maria, Costa, Regina Lana Braga, do Valle, Antonio Carlos Francesconi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.10.2016; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: ADP-Ribosylation Factors - genetics; Adult; Antigens, Fungal - genetics; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Brazil; Case reports; Chronic illnesses; Cluster Analysis; Computer entertainment systems; Diagnosis; Disease; Eukaryotic Microbiology; Fungal infections; Fungal Proteins - genetics; Glycoproteins - genetics; Humans; Life Sciences; Literature reviews; Lung Diseases, Fungal - diagnosis; Lung Diseases, Fungal - microbiology; Lung Diseases, Fungal - pathology; Male; Medical Microbiology; Microbial Ecology; Microbiology; Morphology; Mortality; Mycoses; Paracoccidioides; Paracoccidioides - classification; Paracoccidioides - genetics; Paracoccidioides - isolation & purification; Paracoccidioides brasiliensis; Paracoccidioidomycosis - diagnosis; Paracoccidioidomycosis - microbiology; Paracoccidioidomycosis - pathology; Patients; Phylogenetics; Phylogeny; Plant Sciences; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sequence Homology; Serology; Tuberculosis; Brazil; Rio de Janeiro Brazil; Latin America; Paracoccidioidomycosis; Pulmonary chronic disease; PS2; Molecular identification; Paracoccidioides brasiliensis PS2
• ISSN: 0301-486X; 1573-0832
• DOI: 10.1007/s11046-016-0015-6

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis caused by pathogenic dimorphic fungi of the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis complex. It is the most important systemic mycosis in Latin America, mainly in Brazil. Despite its severity and high mortality rates, it is considered a neglected disease. Species within the genus Paracoccidioides present genetics and morphological variations with probable clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic consequences. In fact, there are a very small number of detailed case reports with molecular identification of these fungal agents. Here, it is reported a case of PCM due to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis PS2. Molecular identification of the isolate was performed by amplification and sequencing of the arf and gp43 genes. Clinical cases and strain reports with molecular identification in the literature are also reviewed. The case herein presented is the first autochthonous report of PCM due to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis PS2 species in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, an important endemic area. The patient presented a chronic pulmonary form of PCM and had a satisfactory response to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim although sequelae such as adrenal insufficiency and dysphonia were observed. This study may contribute to improve the knowledge about this severe disease, its causative cryptic species and their consequences to patients.