Durability analysis of bio-cemented slope soil under the exposure of acid rain

• Published in: Journal of soils and sediments Vol. 21; no. 8; pp. 2831 - 2844
• Main Authors: Gowthaman, Sivakumar, Nakashima, Kazunori, Kawasaki, Satoru
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.08.2021; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Acid rain; Atmospheric precipitations; Calcium carbonate; Carbonates; Cementation; Chemical precipitation; compression strength; Compressive strength; Corrosion; Corrosion prevention; Corrosion rate; Durability; Earth and Environmental Science; Electron microscopy; Environment; Environmental engineering; Environmental Physics; Exposure; Fine-grained soils; Infiltration; Infiltration rate; longevity; Penetration tests; pH effects; Rain; Scanning electron microscopy; Sec 4 • Ecotoxicology • Research Article; Slope stability; Soil; Soil bacteria; Soil erosion; Soil microorganisms; Soil Science & Conservation; Soil stability; Soil treatment; Soils; Surface stability; Toughness; Durability; Long-term performance; Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP); Preservation; Cementation level; Slope surface
• ISSN: 1439-0108; 1614-7480
• DOI: 10.1007/s11368-021-02997-w

Purpose Instability of slope surface is a critical concern in Geotechnical and Environmental Engineering. MICP (Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation), an innovative bio-cementation technique, has attracted the attention for slope surface protection. In this work, MICP was investigated to evaluate its durability under the exposure of acid rain and to advance the understanding on long-term performance of slope soil preserved by MICP. Methods MICP treatment was applied to a fine-grained slope soil using indigenous bacteria. Specimens treated to different cementation levels (% CaCO 3 ) were exposed to acid rain (of varying pH) through two sorts of mechanisms: (i) infiltration and (ii) immersion. The evaluations were based on corrosion of CaCO 3 , mass loss, needle penetration tests, and scanning electron microscopy. Results The decrease in pH increased the corrosion of CaCO 3 , resulting in considerable loss in aggregate and unconfined compressive strength. However, increased cementation level showed high durability of specimens. The soils treated to 12.5% CaCO 3 showed 19.9% soil loss, whereas it was reduced to 5.4% when cemented to 22.5% CaCO 3 . The results also revealed that the contact time of acid rain significantly governed the rate of corrosion, i.e., specimens subjected to lower infiltration rate (20 mm/h) showed higher loss of mass compared to that of higher rate (100 mm/h). Conclusion The long-term performance of MICP treatment is determined by (i) cementation level, (ii) pH, and (iii) infiltration rate of acid rain. High cementation level promotes the longevity of the treatment. Therefore, MICP to higher cementation level is recommended for long-term preservation of slope surface.