Maternal Protein Restriction in Rats Alters Postnatal Growth and Brain Lipid Sensing in Female Offspring

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 15; no. 2; p. 463
• Main Authors: Moullé, Valentine S, Frapin, Morgane, Amarger, Valérie, Parnet, Patricia
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 16.01.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Adiponectin; Adiponectin - metabolism; Animals; Birth weight; Body fat; Body Weight; Body weight gain; Brain; Brain - metabolism; Cardiovascular disease; Cerebrum; Cholesterol; Diet; Diet, Protein-Restricted - adverse effects; Eating; Eating behavior; Experiments; Female; Females; Food; food behaviour; Food intake; Gene expression; Gestation; Glucose; Homeostasis; Hypothalamus; Insulin; Insulin secretion; Lactation; Lactation - metabolism; Leptin; Life Sciences; lipid sensing; Lipids; Males; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; maternal protein restriction; Metabolic disorders; Metabolism; Nutrient deficiency; Nutrition; Offspring; perinatal; Pregnancy; Proteins; Rats; Satiety; Sex differences; Triglycerides; Water intakes; Weight Gain; France; adiponectin; rat; lipid sensing; maternal protein restriction; perinatal; food behaviour; leptin; maternal protein restriction perinatal leptin adiponectin food behaviour lipid sensing rat
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu15020463

Perinatal nutrition is a key player in the susceptibility to developing metabolic diseases in adulthood, leading to the concept of "metabolic programming". The aim of this study was to assess the impact of maternal protein restriction during gestation and lactation on glucose homeostasis and eating behaviour in female offspring. Pregnant rats were fed a normal or protein-restricted (PR) diet and followed throughout gestation and lactation. Body weight, glucose homeostasis, and eating behaviour were evaluated in offspring, especially in females. Body weight gain was lower in PR dams during lactation only, despite different food and water intakes throughout gestation and lactation. Plasma concentration of leptin, adiponectin and triglycerides increased drastically before delivery in PR dams in relation to fat deposits. Although all pups had identical birth body weight, PR offspring body weight differed from control offspring around postnatal day 10 and remained lower until adulthood. Offspring glucose homeostasis was mildly impacted by maternal PR, although insulin secretion was reduced for PR rats at adulthood. Food intake, satiety response, and cerebral activation were examined after a lipid preload and demonstrated some differences between the two groups of rats. Maternal PR during gestation and lactation does induce extrauterine growth restriction, accompanied by alterations in maternal plasma leptin and adiponectin levels, which may be involved in programming the alterations in eating behaviour observed in females at adulthood.