CFD based form factor determination method

• Published in: Ocean engineering Vol. 220; p. 108451
• Main Authors: Korkmaz, Kadir Burak, Werner, Sofia, Sakamoto, Nobuaki, Queutey, Patrick, Deng, Ganbo, Yuling, Gao, Guoxiang, Dong, Maki, Kevin, Ye, Haixuan, Akinturk, Ayhan, Sayeed, Tanvir, Hino, Takanori, Zhao, Feng, Tezdogan, Tahsin, Demirel, Yigit Kemal, Bensow, Rickard
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 15.01.2021; Elsevier
• Subjects: Approximation theory; Ballast (railroad track); CFD; Combined CFD/EFD Methods; computational fluid dynamics; Computer Science; Design loadings; Determination methods; Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing; Engineering Sciences; Experimental determination; Experimental uncertainty; Experimental uncertainty analysis; Fluid mechanics; Fluids mechanics; Forecasting; Form factor; Form factors; hull; Mathematics; Mechanics; Numerical Analysis; Physics; Power predictions; scale effect; Scale effects; ship design; Ship model tanks; Ship resistance; Ship testing; Structural mechanics; Tanks (containers); Towing tank test; Uncertainty analysis; Viscous resistance; CFD; Experimental uncertainty analysis; Scale effects; Ship resistance; Combined CFD/EFD Methods; Form factor
• ISSN: 0029-8018; 1873-5258; 1873-5258
• DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.108451

The 1978 ITTC Power Prediction method is used to predict the propulsive power of ships through towing tank testing. The form factor approach and its determination in this method have been questioned. This paper investigates the possibility to improve the power predictions by introducing Combined CFD/EFD Method where the experimental determination of form factor is replaced by double body RANS computations applied for open cases KVLCC2 and KCS, including first-time published towing tank tests of KVLCC2 at ballast condition including an experimental uncertainty analysis specifically derived for the form factor. Computations from nine organisations and seven CFD codes are compared to the experiments. The form factor predictions for both hulls in design loading condition compared well with the experimental results in general. For the KVLCC2 ballast condition, majority of the form factors were under-predicted while staying within the experimental uncertainty. Speed dependency is observed with the application of ITTC57 line but it is reduced with the Katsui line and nearly eliminated by numerical friction lines. Comparison of the full-scale viscous resistance predictions obtained by the extrapolations from model scale and direct full-scale computations show that the Combined CFD/EFD Method show significantly less scatter and may thus be a preferred approach. •The experimental uncertainty when determining the form factor is significantly amplified by the Prohaska method.•Towing tank test of KVLCC2 in ballast condition is presented with an uncertainty analysis.•Predictions of wide range of CFD codes and methods compared well with the experiments.•Friction lines are the main cause of the speed dependency of the form factors.•The scatter among the full scale computations are higher than the extrapolations.