Recent advances in the molecular diagnostics of gastric cancer

Gastric cancer(GC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death in the world,representing a major global health issue. Although the incidence of GC is declining,the outcomes for GC patients remain dismal because of the lack of effective biomarkers to detect early GC and predict both recurr...

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Published inWorld journal of gastroenterology : WJG Vol. 21; no. 34; pp. 9838 - 9852
Main Author Kanda, Mitsuro
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 14.09.2015
Subjects
Biomarkers, Tumor - blood
Biomarkers, Tumor - genetics
cancer;Biomarker;Prognosis;Micro
DNA Methylation
Epigenesis, Genetic
Gastric
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Humans
MicroRNAs - genetics
Molecular Diagnostic Techniques
Phenotype
Predictive Value of Tests
Prognosis
RNA, Long Noncoding - genetics
RNA;DNA
Stomach Neoplasms - blood
Stomach Neoplasms - genetics
Stomach Neoplasms - pathology
Stomach Neoplasms - therapy
Topic Highlight
DNA methylation
Biomarker
MicroRNA
Prognosis
Gastric cancer
Long non-coding RNA
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Summary:Gastric cancer(GC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death in the world,representing a major global health issue. Although the incidence of GC is declining,the outcomes for GC patients remain dismal because of the lack of effective biomarkers to detect early GC and predict both recurrence and chemosensitivity. Current tumor markers for GC,including serum carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9,are not ideal due to their relatively low sensitivity and specificity. Recent improvements in molecular techniques are better able to identify aberrant expression of GC-related molecules,including oncogenes,tumor suppressor genes,micro RNAs and long non-coding RNAs,and DNA methylation,as novel molecular markers,although the molecular pathogenesis of GC is complicated by tumor heterogeneity. Detection of genetic and epigenetic alterations from gastric tissue or blood samples has diagnostic value in the management of GC. There are high expectations for molecular markers that can be used as new screening tools for early detection of GC as well as for patient stratification towards personalized treatment of GC through prediction of prognosis and drug-sensitivity. In this review,the studies of potential molecular biomarkers for GC that have been reported in the publicly available literature between 2012 and 2015 are reviewed and summarized,and certain highlighted papers are examined.
Bibliography:Mitsuro Kanda;Yasuhiro Kodera;Department of Gastro-enterological Surgery (Surgery II),Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
Gastric cancer;Biomarker;Prognosis;Micro RNA;DNA m
Gastric cancer(GC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death in the world,representing a major global health issue. Although the incidence of GC is declining,the outcomes for GC patients remain dismal because of the lack of effective biomarkers to detect early GC and predict both recurrence and chemosensitivity. Current tumor markers for GC,including serum carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9,are not ideal due to their relatively low sensitivity and specificity. Recent improvements in molecular techniques are better able to identify aberrant expression of GC-related molecules,including oncogenes,tumor suppressor genes,micro RNAs and long non-coding RNAs,and DNA methylation,as novel molecular markers,although the molecular pathogenesis of GC is complicated by tumor heterogeneity. Detection of genetic and epigenetic alterations from gastric tissue or blood samples has diagnostic value in the management of GC. There are high expectations for molecular markers that can be used as new screening tools for early detection of GC as well as for patient stratification towards personalized treatment of GC through prediction of prognosis and drug-sensitivity. In this review,the studies of potential molecular biomarkers for GC that have been reported in the publicly available literature between 2012 and 2015 are reviewed and summarized,and certain highlighted papers are examined.
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Author contributions: Kanda M wrote the manuscript; and Kodera Y revised the manuscript for important intellectual content.
Correspondence to: Mitsuro Kanda, MD, PhD, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan. m-kanda@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp
Telephone: +81-52-7442249 Fax: +81-52-7442255
ISSN:1007-9327
2219-2840
DOI:10.3748/wjg.v21.i34.9838