The Role of Natural Compounds and their Nanocarriers in the Treatment of CNS Inflammation

• Published in: Biomolecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 10; no. 10; p. 1401
• Main Authors: Khadka, Bikram, Lee, Jae-Young, Park, Dong Ho, Kim, Ki-Taek, Bae, Jong-Sup
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.10.2020; MDPI
• Subjects: Adenosine triphosphate; Alzheimer's disease; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Apoptosis - drug effects; Autophagy; Blood-Brain Barrier - drug effects; Blood-Brain Barrier - metabolism; blood–brain barrier (BBB); Cell death; Central nervous system; central nervous system (CNS) degenerative diseases; Central Nervous System - diagnostic imaging; Central Nervous System - drug effects; Central Nervous System - pathology; Clinical trials; Cytochrome; Cytokines; Degenerative diseases; Drug Delivery Systems; Health aspects; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammation - drug therapy; Inflammation - pathology; Kinases; Molecular modelling; nanocarriers; Nanoparticles - chemistry; Nanoparticles - therapeutic use; natural compounds; Neurodegeneration; neuroinflammation; Neurons - drug effects; Neuroprotection; neuroprotective; Neuroprotective Agents - chemistry; Neuroprotective Agents - therapeutic use; Oxidative stress; Parkinson's disease; Permeability; Pharmacokinetics; Proteins; Review; Signal transduction; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; South Korea; natural compounds; targeting; neuroinflammation; central nervous system (CNS) degenerative diseases; neuroprotective; blood–brain barrier (BBB); nanocarriers
• ISSN: 2218-273X; 2218-273X
• DOI: 10.3390/biom10101401

Neuroinflammation, which is involved in various inflammatory cascades in nervous tissues, can result in persistent and chronic apoptotic neuronal cell death and programmed cell death, triggering various degenerative disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). The neuroprotective effects of natural compounds against neuroinflammation are mainly mediated by their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties that specifically promote or inhibit various molecular signal transduction pathways. However, natural compounds have several limitations, such as their pharmacokinetic properties and stability, which hinder their clinical development and use as medicines. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of neuroinflammation and degenerative diseases of CNS. In addition, it emphasizes potential natural compounds and their promising nanocarriers for overcoming their limitations in the treatment of neuroinflammation. Moreover, recent promising CNS inflammation-targeted nanocarrier systems implementing lesion site-specific active targeting strategies for CNS inflammation are also discussed.