A Spatiotemporal DNA Endoploidy Map of the Arabidopsis Root Reveals Roles for the Endocycle in Root Development and Stress Adaptation

• Published in: The Plant cell Vol. 30; no. 10; pp. 2330 - 2351
• Main Authors: Bhosale, Rahul, Boudolf, Veronique, Cuevas, Fabiola, Lu, Ran, Eekhout, Thomas, Hu, Zhubing, Van Isterdael, Gert, Lambert, GeorginaM, Xu, Fan, Nowack, Moritz K., Smith, Richard S., Vercauteren, Ilse, De Rycke, Riet, Storme, Veronique, Beeckman, Tom, Larkin, John C., Kremer, Anna, Höfte, Herman, Galbraith, David W., Kumpf, Robert P., Maere, Steven, De Veylder, Lieven
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Society of Plant Biologists 01.10.2018; American Society of Plant Biologists (ASPB)
• Subjects: Adaptation, Physiological - genetics; Arabidopsis - cytology; Arabidopsis - genetics; Arabidopsis - physiology; Cell Size; Chemical and Process Engineering; DNA, Plant; Engineering Sciences; Food engineering; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Life Sciences; Plant Cells - physiology; Plant Roots - genetics; Plant Roots - growth & development; Plants, Genetically Modified; Polyploidy; Reproducibility of Results; Spatio-Temporal Analysis; Stress, Physiological - genetics; Vegetal Biology; fruit-growth; hair initiation; transcription factor; thaliana; duf231 domain; endoreduplication; cell-size; dependent kinase inhibitors; o-acetylation; gene-expression
• ISSN: 1040-4651; 1532-298X; 1532-298X
• DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00983

Somatic polyploidy caused by endoreplication is observed in arthropods, molluscs, and vertebrates but is especially prominent in higher plants, where it has been postulated to be essential for cell growth and fate maintenance. However, a comprehensive understanding of the physiological significance of plant endopolyploidy has remained elusive. Here, we modeled and experimentally verified a high-resolution DNA endoploidy map of the developing Arabidopsis thaliana root, revealing a remarkable spatiotemporal control of DNA endoploidy levels across tissues. Fitting of a simplified model to publicly available data sets profiling root gene expression under various environmental stress conditions suggested that this root endoploidy patterning may be stress-responsive. Furthermore, cellular and transcriptomic analyses revealed that inhibition of endoreplication onset alters the nuclear-to-cellular volume ratio and the expression of cell wall-modifying genes, in correlation with the appearance of cell structural changes. Our data indicate that endopolyploidy might serve to coordinate cell expansion with structural stability and that spatiotemporal endoreplication pattern changes may buffer for stress conditions, which may explain the widespread occurrence of the endocycle in plant species growing in extreme or variable environments.