Burnout Toll on Empathy Would Mediate the Missing Professional Support in the COVID-19 Outbreak

• Published in: Risk management and healthcare policy Vol. 14; pp. 2231 - 2244
• Main Authors: Bredicean, Cristina, Tamasan, Simona Claudia, Lungeanu, Diana, Giurgi-Oncu, Catalina, Stoica, Ileana-Pepita, Panfil, Anca-Livia, Vasilian, Claudia, Secosan, Ica, Ursoniu, Sorin, Patrascu, Raul
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Dove Medical Press Limited 31.05.2021; Taylor & Francis Ltd; Dove; Dove Medical Press
• Subjects: Analysis; Anxiety; Burn out (Psychology); Burnout; burnout experience; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; Data collection; Empathy; Epidemics; Health care; Health surveys; healthcare workers; Hospitals; Hypotheses; Job stress; maslach burnout inventory; Mediation; mediation model; Medical personnel; Mental depression; Mental health; Negotiation, mediation and arbitration; Occupational health; Original Research; Outbreaks; Pandemics; Patients; phq-9; Professionals; Questionnaires; Romania; Sociodemographics; Statistical analysis; Stress; Surveys; Values; work engagement; Working conditions; Romania; work engagement; burnout experience; PHQ-9; Maslach Burnout Inventory; healthcare workers; mediation model
• ISSN: 1179-1594; 1179-1594
• DOI: 10.2147/RMHP.S300578

The year 2020 was marked by the COVID-19 pandemic, massively disruptive at the general population level and for healthcare systems. We aimed to evaluate the psychological distress associated with work-related experiences among medical professionals and supporting staff during the pandemic outbreak. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between April and May 2020, employing a self-administered on-line questionnaire that included the collection of socio-demographic and professional status information, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and a subscale of the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) for empathy. A total of 364 professionals of the county-coordinated area responded. Descriptive statistics summarized the findings and a mediation model was analyzed, applying the causal step strategy. The specific direct and causal mediation effects were estimated with the bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap sampling method. Anxiety, burnout, stress, resilience, and empathy proved to be significantly associated with both the professional category (ie, consultant, specialty doctor, trainee doctor, senior nurse, trainee nurse or other) and the perceived professional support (the nonparametric multivariate permutation test resulted in p=0.048 and p<0.001, respectively). When controlling for the marital and professional status, the female gender had an OR=2.26, 95% CI (1.21; 4.22) toward a high level of empathy compared to males. The causal mediation effect of the perceived lack of professional support on empathy through burnout-depersonalization was highly significant (p<0.001) with an average of 0.0599, 95% CI (0.0238; 0.10), while the direct effect was non-significant (p=0.536) with an average of 0.0295, 95% CI (-0.0774; 0.15). We highlighted the impact of the lack of professional support on healthcare workers' empathy through burnout-depersonalization in a context of a high workload, time pressure, job stress beyond previous training, and inherently limited organizational support, which are potentially modifiable factors in the mid-term.