Radiation-induced genomic instability and bystander effects: inter-related nontargeted effects of exposure to ionizing radiation

The paradigm of genetic alterations being restricted to direct DNA damage after exposure to ionizing radiation has been challenged by observations in which cells that are not exposed to ionizing radiation exhibit responses typically associated with direct radiation exposure. These effects are demons...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inOncogene Vol. 22; no. 45; pp. 7058 - 7069
Main Authors Lorimore, Sally A, Coates, Philip J, Wright, Eric G
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Nature Publishing Group 13.10.2003
Subjects
Animals
Bone marrow
Bystander Effect - radiation effects
bystander effects
Cells
Chromosomes
Cytokines
DNA Damage
Genomes
Genomic instability
Genomic Instability - genetics
Genomic Instability - radiation effects
Genotype & phenotype
Humans
Inflammation
Inflammation - genetics
Ionizing radiation
Malignancy
Models, Biological
Mutagens
Mutation
Radiation
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Summary:The paradigm of genetic alterations being restricted to direct DNA damage after exposure to ionizing radiation has been challenged by observations in which cells that are not exposed to ionizing radiation exhibit responses typically associated with direct radiation exposure. These effects are demonstrated in cells that are the descendants of irradiated cells (radiation-induced genomic instability) or in cells that are in contact with irradiated cells or receive certain signals from irradiated cells (radiation-induced bystander effects). There is accumulating evidence that radiation-induced genomic instability may be a consequence of, and in some cell systems may also produce, bystander interactions involving intercellular signalling, production of cytokines and free-radical generation. These processes are also features of inflammatory responses that are known to have the potential for both bystander-mediated and persisting damage as well as for conferring a predisposition to malignancy. Thus, radiation-induced genomic instability and untargeted bystander effects may reflect inter-related aspects of inflammatory-type responses to radiation-induced stress and injury and contribute to the variety of pathological consequences of radiation exposures.
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ISSN:0950-9232
1476-5594
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1207044