Liposomes as Tools to Improve Therapeutic Enzyme Performance

The drugs concept has changed during the last few decades, meaning the acceptance of not only low molecular weight entities but also macromolecules as bioagent constituents of pharmaceutics. This has opened a new era for a different class of molecules, namely proteins in general and enzymes in parti...

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Published inPharmaceutics Vol. 14; no. 3; p. 531
Main Authors Cruz, Maria Eugénia Meirinhos, Corvo, Maria Luísa, Martins, Maria Bárbara, Simões, Sandra, Gaspar, Maria Manuela
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 27.02.2022
MDPI
Subjects
Antigens
Cancer
Drug delivery systems
Enzymes
Genetic engineering
Leukemia
Lipids
liposomes
Metabolism
Molecular weight
Nanoparticles
Pharmaceuticals
Review
therapeutic enzymes
drug delivery systems
liposomes
therapeutic enzymes
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Summary:The drugs concept has changed during the last few decades, meaning the acceptance of not only low molecular weight entities but also macromolecules as bioagent constituents of pharmaceutics. This has opened a new era for a different class of molecules, namely proteins in general and enzymes in particular. The use of enzymes as therapeutics has posed new challenges in terms of delivery and the need for appropriate carrier systems. In this review, we will focus on enzymes with therapeutic properties and their applications, listing some that reached the pharmaceutical market. Problems associated with their clinical use and nanotechnological strategies to solve some of their drawbacks (i.e., immunogenic reactions and low circulation time) will be addressed. Drug delivery systems will be discussed, with special attention being paid to liposomes, the most well-studied and suitable nanosystem for enzyme delivery in vivo. Examples of liposomal enzymatic formulations under development will be described and successful pre-clinical results of two enzymes, -Asparaginase and Superoxide dismutase, following their association with liposomes will be extensively discussed.
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These authors contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:1999-4923
1999-4923
DOI:10.3390/pharmaceutics14030531