Descending Necrotizing Anterior Mediastinitis: Analysis of Survival and Surgical Treatment Modalities

• Published in: Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery Vol. 65; no. 4; pp. 635 - 639
• Main Authors: Misthos, Panagiotis, MD, Katsaragakis, Stylianos, MD, PhD, Kakaris, Stamatis, MD, PhD, Theodorou, Dimitrios, MD, PhD, Skottis, Ioannis, MD
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Elsevier Inc 01.04.2007; Elsevier
• Subjects: Arrhythmias, Cardiac - etiology; Arrhythmias, Cardiac - surgery; Bacterial Infections - etiology; Bacterial Infections - mortality; Bacterial Infections - surgery; Biological and medical sciences; Dentistry; Drainage - methods; Female; Focal Infection, Dental - complications; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Mediastinitis - complications; Mediastinitis - etiology; Mediastinitis - mortality; Mediastinitis - surgery; Medical sciences; Neck; Necrosis; Otorhinolaryngology. Stomatology; Periapical Abscess - complications; Peritonsillar Abscess - complications; Pleural Effusion - etiology; Pleural Effusion - surgery; Retrospective Studies; Statistics, Nonparametric; Surgery; Thorax; Prognosis; Treatment; Mediastinum disease; Stomatology; Surgery; Mediastinitis; Anterior; Survival
• ISSN: 0278-2391; 1531-5053
• DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2006.06.287

Purpose Descending necrotizing anterior mediastinitis (DNAM) is a severe infectious disease with a very high mortality rate. The aim of this study was to define the impact of several clinical factors on survival. Patients and Methods Between 1985 and 2002, 27 patients were managed for DNAM, 11 with combined transthoracic mediastinal and cervical drainage (group A) and 16 with a less aggressive surgical approach, such as cervical drainage and transcervical mediastinal drainage (group B). The records of all patients were statistically analyzed for the impact of several clinical factors on survival. Results Although patients in group A were admitted to the hospital faster, treated with antibiotics as outpatients earlier, and operated on much sooner after hospital admission compared with the patients in group B, multivariate analysis revealed that early combined transthoracic mediastinal and cervical debridement and drainage was the only favorable factor for survival in patients DNAM patients (odds ratio = 9.99; 95% confidence interval = 1.02 to 97.49). Conclusions Less extensive surgical approaches (ie, thoracic drainage without cervical drainage or combined cervical and subxiphoid thoracic drainage) led to unsatisfactory results and high reoperation rates. In contrast, early, aggressive combined cervical and thoracic drainage proved to be an effective method for managing DNAM.