Body Mass Index, Vitamin D, and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 10; no. 9; p. 1182
• Main Authors: Rafiq, Shamaila, Jeppesen, Per Bendix
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 28.08.2018; MDPI
• Subjects: Biomarkers - blood; Blood Glucose - metabolism; blood serum; Body Mass Index; computer software; data analysis; Diabetes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - diagnosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology; Humans; Meta-analysis; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; obesity; Obesity - blood; Obesity - diagnosis; Obesity - epidemiology; observational studies; Prognosis; randomized clinical trials; Review; Risk Factors; Systematic review; Vitamin D; Vitamin D - blood; Vitamin D Deficiency - blood; Vitamin D Deficiency - diagnosis; Vitamin D Deficiency - epidemiology; Vitamin deficiency; vitamin status; Denmark; United States > US; Aarhus Denmark; type 2 diabetes; hypovitaminosis D; Vitamin D; body mass index; BMI
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu10091182

The deficiency of vitamin D is prevalent all over the world. Studies have shown that vitamin D may play an important role in the development of obesity. The current study was conducted to quantitatively evaluate the association between serum 25-(OH) vitamin D levels and the risk of obesity in both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was carried out for that purpose. We searched the Medline, PubMed, and Embase databases throughout all of March 2018. A total of fifty five observational studies for both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects were finally included in the meta-analysis. The data were analyzed by comprehensive meta-analysis software version 3 and the random effects model was used to analyze the data. The meta-analysis showed an overall inverse relationship between serum vitamin D status and body mass index (BMI) in studies of both diabetic (r = −0.173, 95% = −0.241 to −0.103, p = 0.000) and non-diabetic (r = −0.152, 95% = −0.187 to −0.116, p = 0.000) subjects. The evidence of publication bias was not found in this meta-analysis. In conclusion, the deficiency of vitamin D is associated with an increased level of BMI in the studies of both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Reliable evidence from well-designed future randomized controlled trials is required to confirm the findings from observational studies and to find out the potential regulatory effects of vitamin D supplementation to lower BMI.