Factors Determining Kinesin Motors in a Predominant One-Head-Bound or Two-Heads-Bound State During Its Stepping Cycle

• Published in: Biomolecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 15; no. 5; p. 717
• Main Authors: Shi, Xiao-Xuan, Liu, Yu-Ru, Xie, Ping
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 13.05.2025; MDPI
• Subjects: Adenosine Diphosphate - metabolism; Adenosine Triphosphate - metabolism; Animals; Chemical properties; Energy; Humans; Identification and classification; Kinesin; Kinesins - chemistry; Kinesins - metabolism; Mechanical properties; Microtubules; Microtubules - chemistry; Microtubules - metabolism; one-head-bound state; Physiological aspects; Protein Binding; stepping manner; two-heads-bound state; China; stepping manner; one-head-bound state; kinesin; two-heads-bound state
• ISSN: 2218-273X; 2218-273X
• DOI: 10.3390/biom15050717

At physiological or saturating ATP concentrations, some families of kinesin motors, such as kinesin-1 and kinesin-2, exhibit a predominant two-heads-bound (2HB) state during their stepping cycle on microtubules, while others, such as kinesin-3, exhibit a predominant one-head-bound (1HB) state. An interesting but unclear issue is what factors determine a kinesin motor in the predominant 1HB and 2HB states. Here, on the basis of the general chemomechanical pathway of the kinesin motors, a theory is given on fractions of 1HB and 2HB states. With the theory, the factors affecting a kinesin motor in the predominant 1HB and 2HB states are determined. The results about the effects of ATP concentration, ADP concentration and external load on the fractions of 1HB and 2HB states are presented. Furthermore, the theory is applied to kinesin-1, kinesin-2, kinesin-3, kinesin-5 and kinesin-13 motors, with the theoretical results agreeing well with published experimental data.