Multiband time-of-arrival positioning technique using an ultra-high-frequency bandwidth availability model for cognitive radio

• Published in: IET radar, sonar & navigation Vol. 7; no. 5; pp. 544 - 552
• Main Authors: Thomas, Robin Rajan, Maharaj, Bodhaswar T, Zayen, Bassem, Knopp, Raymond
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Stevenage The Institution of Engineering and Technology 01.06.2013; The Institution of Engineering & Technology
• Subjects: Availability; Bandwidth; cognitive radio; discrete bands; double band system; dynamic spectrum access environment; dynamic spectrum access scenario; Dynamical systems; Dynamics; Gaussian distribution; Least squares method; maximum likelihood location estimation algorithm; multiband time of arrival positioning model; Noise levels; nonlinear least squares; Position (location); root mean square error performance evaluation; signal to noise ratio condition; statistical analysis; time‐of‐arrival estimation; triple band system; UHF; UHF band; ultra high frequency bandwidth availability model; ultra high frequency spectrum occupancy measurement; time-of-arrival estimation; root mean square error performance evaluation; ultra high frequency spectrum occupancy measurement; Gaussian distribution; discrete bands; UHF band; multiband time of arrival positioning model; dynamic spectrum access environment; double band system; nonlinear least squares; maximum likelihood location estimation algorithm; triple band system; cognitive radio; ultra high frequency bandwidth availability model; signal to noise ratio condition; statistical analysis; dynamic spectrum access scenario
• ISSN: 1751-8784; 1751-8792; 1751-8792
• DOI: 10.1049/iet-rsn.2012.0100

In this study, the authors present a multiband time-of-arrival (TOA) positioning model and validate the performance in a practical dynamic spectrum access scenario according to results obtained from an ultra-high-frequency (UHF) spectrum occupancy measurement campaign. The statistical analysis of the measured data shows a distinguishable difference between the unoccupied and occupied portion of the UHF band. The bandwidth availability for the UHF band is shown to follow a Gaussian distribution according to the measurement results. The positioning model is verified using the non-linear least squares, linear least squares and two-step maximum-likelihood location estimation algorithms. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) performance evaluation of the proposed model revealed the advantage of utilising five discrete bands to perform TOA estimation, especially in poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions ranging from − 10 to 0 dB. At a fixed SNR of 0 dB, an average RMSE improvement of 74 and 82% was observed for a double- and triple-band system when compared with a conventional single-band TOA system. This particular positioning technique can enable improved location estimation in a dynamic spectrum access environment.