Study of a common azo food dye in mice model: Toxicity reports and its relation to carcinogenicity

• Published in: Food science & nutrition Vol. 7; no. 2; pp. 667 - 677
• Main Authors: Reza, Md. Sajib Al, Hasan, Md. Mahmudul, Kamruzzaman, Md, Hossain, Md. Imam, Zubair, Md. Abu, Bari, Luthfunnesa, Abedin, Md. Zainul, Reza, Md. Abu, Khalid‐Bin‐Ferdaus, Khandaker Md, Haque, Kazi Md. Faisal, Islam, Khairul, Ahmed, Mahtab Uddin, Hossain, Md. Khaled
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.02.2019; John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Subjects: Alanine; Alanine transaminase; Alkaline phosphatase; Apoptosis; Aspartate aminotransferase; Azo dyes; Blood; Body weight; Carcinogenicity; Carcinogens; carmoisine; Cholesterol; Consumption; Creatinine; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Developing countries; DNA; DNA repair; Dyes; Erythrocytes; FDA approval; Feeds; Food dyes; Food products; Gene expression; Globulins; Hematology; Hepatotoxicity; Laboratory animals; LDCs; Leukocytes; Liver; Metabolism; Metabolites; Mice; Molecular biology; Monocytes; Mutation; Original Research; p53 Protein; Proteins; Renal failure; synthetic food dye; Toxicity; Toxicology; Tumorigenesis; Urea; Bangladesh; India; toxicity; carmoisine; liver; synthetic food dye; gene expression
• ISSN: 2048-7177; 2048-7177
• DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.906

This study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effects of an azo dye carmoisine widely used in foods and to investigate its relation to carcinogenicity. Carmoisine administered into mice orally in four different doses as control, low, medium, and high equivalent to 0, 4, 200, and 400 mg/kg bw, respectively, for 120 days. The key toxicological endpoint was observed including animal body weight, organ weights, hematology, biochemistry, and molecular biology assessment. The body weights of medium‐ and high‐dose carmoisine‐treated mice group were significantly decreased as compared to the control mice group. Platelet, white blood cell and monocyte counts of treated group were considerably higher, while Hb and red blood cell counts were drastically lower than the control group. The biochemical parameters such as serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, globulin, urea, and creatinine level were significantly increased, while serum cholesterol level was decreased after treatment as compared to the control. RT‐PCR results showed that expression of Bcl‐x and PARP gene was intensively increased, whereas expression of p53 gene was decreased in the mouse liver tissues treated with carmoisine. This study revealed that high‐dose (400 mg/kg bw) treatment of carmoisine was attributable to renal failure and hepatotoxicity. It also would be suspected as a culprit for liver oncogenesis. This study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effects of a common azo dye carmoisine widely used in foods and to investigate its relation to carcinogenicity. Carmoisine was administered into mice orally in four doses. This study revealed that high dose (400 mg/kg bw) of carmoisine was attributable to renal failure and hepatotoxicity and azo dye might relate to carcinogenesis. It also would be suspected as a culprit for liver oncogenesis.