Plasma bioavailability and regional brain distribution of polyphenols from apple/grape seed and bilberry extracts in a young swine model

• Published in: Molecular nutrition & food research Vol. 59; no. 12; pp. 2432 - 2447
• Main Authors: Chen, Tzu‐Ying, Kritchevsky, Janice, Hargett, Katherine, Feller, Kathryn, Klobusnik, Ryan, Song, Brian J, Cooper, Bruce, Jouni, Zeina, Ferruzzi, Mario G, Janle, Elsa M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany Wiley-VCH 01.12.2015; Blackwell Publishing Ltd
• Subjects: Animals; Anthocyanins; Anthocyanins - metabolism; Anthocyanins - pharmacokinetics; apples; bioavailability; Biological Availability; Body Weight - drug effects; Brain - drug effects; Brain - metabolism; Brain distribution; Catechins; cerebellum; cortex; cyanidin; delphinidin; dose response; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Eating - drug effects; flavonols; galactosides; glucosides; Grape Seed Extract - chemistry; grape seeds; Liver - drug effects; Liver - enzymology; Malus - chemistry; malvidin; metabolites; petunidin; Pharmacokinetics; piglets; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Polyphenols; Polyphenols - blood; Polyphenols - pharmacokinetics; Polyphenols - urine; seed extracts; Sus scrofa; Tissue Distribution; urine; Vaccinium myrtillus - chemistry; Vitis - chemistry; Weaning; weanlings; Polyphenols; Catechins; Anthocyanins; Brain distribution; Pharmacokinetics
• ISSN: 1613-4125; 1613-4133
• DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500224

SCOPE: The pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and regional brain distribution of polyphenols from apple‐grape seed extract (AGSE) mixture and bilberry extract were studied after 3 weeks of dosing in weanling pigs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Weanling piglets were treated for 3 weeks with extracts of (AGSE) or bilberry extracts, using a physiological (27.5 mg/kg) or supplement (82.5 mg/kg) dose. A 24‐h pharmacokinetic study was conducted and brain tissue was harvested. Major flavan‐3‐ol and flavonol metabolites including catechin‐O‐β‐glucuronide, epicatechin‐O‐β‐glucuronide, 3′O‐methyl‐catechin‐O‐β‐glucuronide, 3′O‐methyl‐epicatechin‐O‐β‐glucuronide, quercetin‐O‐β‐glucuronide, and O‐methyl‐quercetin‐O‐β‐glucuronide were analyzed in plasma, urine, and regional brain extracts from AGSE groups. Anthocyanidin‐O‐galactosides and O‐glucosides of delphinidin (Del), cyanidin (Cyn), petunidin (Pet), peonidin (Peo), and malvidin (Mal) were analyzed in plasma, urine, and brain extracts from bilberry groups. CONCLUSION: Significant plasma dose‐dependence was observed in flavan‐3‐ol metabolites of the AGSE group and in Mal, Del and Cyn galactosides and Pet, Peo, and Cyn glucosides of the bilberry groups. In the brain, a significant dose dependence was found in the cerebellum and frontal cortex in all major flavan‐3‐ol metabolites. All anthocyanidin glycosides, except for delphinidin, showed a dose‐dependent increase in the cerebellum.