Overexpression of Tropomysin-Related Kinase B in Metastatic Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells

• Published in: Clinical cancer research Vol. 11; no. 2; pp. 440 - 449
• Main Authors: SCLABAS, Guido M, FUJIOKA, Shuichi, ZHANG, Wei, FIDLER, Isaiah J, CHIAO, Paul J, SCHMIDT, Christian, ZHONGKUI LI, FREDERICK, Wayne A. I, WENTAO YANG, YOKOI, Kenji, EVANS, Douglas B, ABBRUZZESE, James L, HESS, Kenneth R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Philadelphia, PA American Association for Cancer Research 15.01.2005
• Subjects: Adenocarcinoma - metabolism; Aged; Animals; Antineoplastic agents; Biological and medical sciences; DNA-Binding Proteins - genetics; DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; Enzyme Activation; ets-Domain Protein Elk-1; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; interleukin 8; Interleukin-8 - genetics; Interleukin-8 - metabolism; Lung Neoplasms - metabolism; Lung Neoplasms - secondary; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Medical sciences; metastasis; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - genetics; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism; Neoplasm Invasiveness - pathology; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; pancreatic cancer; Pancreatic Neoplasms - metabolism; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Protein Kinases - genetics; Protein Kinases - metabolism; Proto-Oncogene Proteins - genetics; Proto-Oncogene Proteins - metabolism; Receptor, trkB - genetics; Receptor, trkB - metabolism; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Transcription Factor AP-1 - genetics; Transcription Factor AP-1 - metabolism; Transcription Factors - genetics; Transcription Factors - metabolism; tropomysin-related kinase B; Tumor Cells, Cultured; vascular endothelial growth factor; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - genetics; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - metabolism; Human; Enzyme; Kinase; Transferases; Pancreas cancer; Gene overexpression; Advanced stage; Metastasis; Malignant tumor; Tumor cell
• ISSN: 1078-0432; 1557-3265
• DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.440.11.2

Purpose: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is currently the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States, and most pancreatic cancers develop locally advanced disease or metastasis at the time of diagnosis. The mechanisms by which it invades and metastasizes are not known. Experimental Design: To identify the genes involved in pancreatic cancer metastasis, we analyzed the gene expression profiles between highly metastatic Colo357L3.6pl and parental Colo357FG pancreatic cancer cell lines using cDNA microarrays and confirmed differential gene expression by reverse transcription-PCR, Western blotting, and immunologic analysis of 54 samples from pancreatic cancer patients. The correlation with clinical outcome was also examined. The possible signaling pathways involved with tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) were analyzed. Results: Our findings showed that TrkB was overexpressed in the highly metastatic Colo357L3.6pl cells, which correlated with perineural invasion ( P = 0.026), positive retroperitoneal margin ( P = 0.0005), and shorter latency to development of liver metastasis (Cox proportional hazard ratio, 0.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.1-0.8; P = 0.01) in patient samples. Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 were activated and Elk-1 and AP-1 DNA binding activity was induced in Colo357L3.6pl cells. Furthermore, interleukin 8 and vascular endothelial growth factor were more strongly expressed in Colo357L3.6pl than Colo357FG cells, and these findings were confirmed in Colo357L3.6pl and Colo357FG orthotopic tumors. Conclusion: These results suggest that overexpression of TrkB and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and AP-1, which may in turn induce the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin 8, may mediate the cardinal clinical features of locally aggressive growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Our results also imply that TrkB receptor may be a novel therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.