Metabolic Disorders in HIV-Infected Adolescents Receiving Protease Inhibitors

• Published in: BioMed research international Vol. 2017; no. 2017; pp. 1 - 14
• Main Authors: Chokephaibulkit, Kulkanya, Phongsamart, Wanatpreeya, Wittawatmongkol, Orasri, Sricharoenchai, Sirintip, Lermankul, Watcharee, Maleesatharn, Alan, Maturapat, Sirinoot, Tanchaweng, Surapong, Santiprabhob, Jeerunda, Lapphra, Keswadee
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cairo, Egypt Hindawi Publishing Corporation 01.01.2017; Hindawi; Hindawi Limited
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adults; Age; Anthropometry; Anti-HIV Agents - adverse effects; Anti-HIV Agents - therapeutic use; Antiretroviral drugs; Biomedical research; Blood Glucose - chemistry; Children & youth; Cholesterol; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology; Disease; Dyslipidemias - epidemiology; Enzymes; Female; Glucose; HIV; HIV Infections - complications; HIV Infections - drug therapy; Hospitals; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Hypertension; Infections; Insulin; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Lipids - blood; Male; Metabolic Diseases - epidemiology; Metabolic disorders; Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology; Multivariate Analysis; Obesity; Obesity - epidemiology; Patients; Pediatrics; Prediabetic State - epidemiology; Prognosis; Protease inhibitors; Protease Inhibitors - adverse effects; Protease Inhibitors - therapeutic use; Statins; Stavudine - adverse effects; Stavudine - therapeutic use; Studies; Teenagers; Tertiary Care Centers; Thailand; Bangkok Thailand
• ISSN: 2314-6133; 2314-6141
• DOI: 10.1155/2017/7481597

Protease inhibitor (PI) may cause abnormal glucose metabolism, abnormal lipid metabolism, and metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected adults but less well studied in Asian adolescents. This cross-sectional study evaluated anthropometric factors, oral glucose tolerance test, and lipid profiles of perinatally HIV-infected Thai adolescents who had received PI-based antiretroviral therapy for at least 6 months. Eighty adolescents were enrolled [median (IQR) age 16.7 (14.6–18.0) years, 42 males]. Metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were found in 8 (10%), 17 (22.1%), and 3 (3.8%) adolescents, respectively. Dyslipidemia was found in 56 (70%) adolescents, with hypertriglyceridemia being the most common type. In multivariate analysis, presence of lipohypertrophy (OR: 25.7, 95% CI: 3.2–202.8; p=0.002) and longer duration of PI use (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00–1.08; p=0.023) were associated with metabolic syndrome. Obesity (OR: 7.71, 95% CI: 1.36–43.7; p=0.021), presence of lipohypertrophy (OR: 62.9, 95% CI: 4.97–795.6; p=0.001), and exposure to stavudine for ≥6 months (OR: 8.18, 95% CI: 1.37–48.7; p=0.021) were associated with prediabetes/T2DM, while exposure to tenofovir for ≥6 months reduced the risk (OR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.04–0.78; p=0.022). Metabolic disorders were commonly found in adolescents receiving PI. Careful monitoring and early intervention to modify cardiovascular risk should be systematically implemented in this population particularly those with exposure to stavudine.