Pathway and kinetics of cyhalothrin biodegradation by Bacillus thuringiensis strain ZS-19

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 5; no. 1; p. 8784
• Main Authors: Chen, Shaohua, Deng, Yinyue, Chang, Changqing, Lee, Jasmine, Cheng, Yingying, Cui, Zining, Zhou, Jianuan, He, Fei, Hu, Meiying, Zhang, Lian-Hui
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 05.03.2015; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 140/58; 38/22; 38/23; 631/326/171/1818; 631/61/168; Acetonitrile; Bacillus thuringiensis - classification; Bacillus thuringiensis - genetics; Bacillus thuringiensis - isolation & purification; Bacillus thuringiensis - metabolism; Benzoates - metabolism; Biodegradation; Biodegradation, Environmental; Bioremediation; Cyhalothrin; Cypermethrin; Deltamethrin; Fungicides, Industrial - metabolism; Humanities and Social Sciences; Insecticides; Kinetics; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolites; Metabolome; Metabolomics - methods; multidisciplinary; Nitriles - metabolism; Phenoxybenzoic acid; Phylogeny; Pyrethrins - metabolism; Pyrethroids; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics; Science
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/srep08784

Cyhalothrin is a common environmental pollutant which poses increased risks to non-target organisms including human beings. This study reported for the first time a newly isolated strain, Bacillus thuringiensis ZS-19 completely degraded cyhalothrin in minimal medium within 72 h. The bacterium transformed cyhalothrin by cleavage of both the ester linkage and diaryl bond to yield six intermediate products. Moreover, a novel degradation pathway of cyhalothrin in strain ZS-19 was proposed on the basis of the identified metabolites. In addition to degradation of cyhalothrin, this strain was found to be capable of degrading 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, a common metabolite of pyrethroids. Furthermore, strain ZS-19 participated in efficient degradation of a wide range of pyrethroids including cyhalothrin, fenpropathrinn, deltamethrin, beta-cypermethrin, cyfluthrin and bifenthrin. Taken together, our results provide insights into the mechanism of cyhalothrin degradation and also highlight the promising potentials of B.thuringiensis ZS-19 in bioremediation of pyrethroid-contaminated environment. This is the first report of (i) degradation of cyhalothrin and other pyrethroids by B.thuringiensis , (ii) identification of 3-phenoxyphenyl acetonitrile and N -(2-isoproxy-phenyl)-4-phenoxy-benzamide as the metabolites in the degradation pathway of pyrethroids and (iii) a pathway of degradation of cyhalothrin by cleavage of both the ester linkage and diaryl bond in a microorganism.